scholarly journals An Overview of Droplet Impact Erosion, Related Theory and Protection Measures in Steam Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Impact ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Related Theory ◽  
Impact Erosion

An empirical approach to predict droplet impact erosion in low-pressure stages of steam turbines

Wear ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 402-403 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmad ◽  
M. Schatz ◽  
M.V. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Low Pressure ◽  
Droplet Impact ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Impact Erosion

A discussion on deformation of solids by the impact of liquids, and its relation to rain damage in aircraft and missiles, to blade erosion in steam turbines, and to cavitation erosion - The resistance of materials to impact erosion damage

1966 ◽  
Vol 260 (1110) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Erosion Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Erosion

The behaviour of established and potential turbine blade and erosion shield materials subject to impact erosion by water droplets of controlled size has been investigated over a range of impact velocities up to 1040 ft./s. Both the topographical form and the microstructural characteristics of damage have been studied, and correlated with the conditions of the test and the mechanical properties and phase constitution of the materials. It has been found that the rate of erosion, as measured by mass loss, changes during the course of a test. An initial incubation period is generally followed, successively, by periods of increasing, constant, and then decreasing rates of erosion, possibly culminating in a second steady, but lower, rate of erosion.

scholarly journals Predictability of prototype machine liquid cavitation and droplet impact erosion from laboratory tests

Wear ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Hammitt ◽  
J.-B. Hwang ◽  
S.A. Barber ◽  
M.K. De
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Droplet Impact ◽  
Impact Erosion

Water droplet impact erosion damage initiation in forged Ti–6Al–4V

Wear ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 322-323 ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kamkar ◽  
F. Bridier ◽  
P. Jedrzejowski ◽  
P. Bocher
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Droplet Impact ◽  
Erosion Damage ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Impact Erosion

Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Answer ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
M. Levin ◽  
K. Matrosova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Effective System

The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.

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