scholarly journals Uses and Misuses of Agricultural Pesticides in Africa: Neglected Public Health Threats for Workers and Population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouokam Guy Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Health Threats

Evaluation of a New Field Epidemiology Training Program Intermediate Course to Strengthen Public Health Workforce Capacity in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097466
Author(s):  
Kate Wilson ◽  
Amir Juya ◽  
Ahmed Abade ◽  
Senga Sembuche ◽  
Devotha Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Exit Interviews ◽  
Field Epidemiology ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Workforce Capacity ◽  
Field Epidemiology Training Program

Objectives Sub-Saharan Africa faces a shortage of skilled epidemiologists to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats. Tanzania has implemented one of the first Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) Intermediate courses in Africa. This course aims to strengthen health workforce capacity in surveillance system assessment, outbreak investigation, and evaluation, prioritizing HIV control. We conducted an outcome evaluation of this new course. Methods We used a pre/post evaluation design using data from 4 cohorts of trainees who took the FETP Intermediate course from 2017 to 2020. We conducted knowledge assessments before and after each cohort and combined those results. Outcomes included knowledge and self-rated competency and trends in integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) data. We collected data through tests, field assignments, exit interviews, and data audits. We compared the mean change in pre-/posttest scores using linear regression and 95% CIs. We used content analysis to summarize exit interviews. Results Fifty-three FETP trainees from 10 regions enrolled in the FETP Intermediate course, and 52 (99.0%) completed the course. We found substantial increases in mean knowledge (44.0 to 68.0 points) and self-rated competency (4.14 to 4.43) scores before and after the course. Trainees evaluated 52 surveillance systems and 52 district HIV care programs, and 39 (75.0%) trainees participated in outbreak investigations. From before to after cohort 1, timeliness and completeness of IDSR reports increased from 4.2% to 52.1% and from 27.4% to 76.5%, respectively. Course strengths were quality of instruction, individualized mentoring, and practical skills gained. Challenges were mentor availability, limited time for data analysis practice, and balancing work and field assignments. Conclusions The Tanzania FETP Intermediate course substantially improved trainee knowledge and helped to improve local data quality and reporting. This course is a promising model to strengthen subnational capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats in Africa.

scholarly journals Planning and preparing for public health threats at airports

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Martin ◽  
Mairin Boland
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Threats

scholarly journals A Comparison of Burden of Disease from Toxic Waste Sites with other Recognized Public Health Threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Caravanos ◽  
Lina Hernandez Gutierrez ◽  
Bret Ericson ◽  
Richard Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Threats

Background. Although toxic waste sites have been well investigated in many developed countries, their prevalence and health impact have not been well documented in low and middle income countries where risks attributable to environmental pollution are generally higher than in developed nations. Methods. We compared the burden of disease from toxic waste sites expressed in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) with the same measurement for other threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines. We used Blacksmith Institute for a Pure Earth's DALY estimates for chemical exposure at 373 toxic waste sites in the 3 countries and World Health Organization (WHO) DALY estimates for different health conditions in the same countries. Results. Chromium VI causes the majority of DALYs among chemicals in India, while lead does so in the Philippines and Indonesia. In India, exposure to chromium VI showed higher DALY estimates than health conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and various cancers. In Indonesia, exposure to chromium VI and lead presented higher DALYs than conditions such as upper respiratory infections. In the Philippines, lead had higher DALYs than most of the examined conditions, including malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Conclusions. This study highlights that the burden of disease expressed in DALYs from toxic waste sites may be greater than previously recognized and greater than other well addressed public health threats. We call attention to the need for surveillance of toxic waste sites, epidemiological analysis of the associations between exposure to toxic chemicals and outcomes, and remediation of chemical contamination in India, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Clostridium difficile the hospital plague

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 2513-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czepiel ◽  
M. Kozicki ◽  
P. Panasiuk ◽  
M. Birczyńska ◽  
A. Garlicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Health Threats

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become one of the major public health threats in the last two decades.

scholarly journals Survey on antimicrobial usage in local dairy cows in North-central Nigeria: Drivers for misuse and public health threats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0224949
Author(s):  
Nma Bida Alhaji ◽  
Mohammed Baba Aliyu ◽  
Ibrahim Ghali-Mohammed ◽  
Ismail Ayoade Odetokun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
North Central ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Health Threats

scholarly journals A genomics network established to respond rapidly to public health threats in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. e229-e230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokukhanya Msomi ◽  
Koleka Mlisana ◽  
Tulio de Oliveira ◽  
Nokukhanya Msomi ◽  
Koleka Mlisana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Threats

Contribution of Regional Networks to the Control of Cross-Border Public Health Threats: EpiSouth in the Mediterranean Region and Southeast Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Dente ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Mondher Bejaoui ◽  
Massimo Fabiani ◽  
Dragan Lausevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
The Mediterranean

EUPHA member survey on future public health threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Azzopardi-Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Threats
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