scholarly journals Theranostics: New Era in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Deep Kaur ◽  
Koushlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anil Sahu ◽  
Rajnikant Panik ◽  
Pankaj Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Current Scenario

Malignancy and many inflammatory diseases have become a major concern for mankind over the years. The conventional therapy of these diseases lacks the effectiveness of the better diagnosis and targeted treatment of these diseases, but nuclear medicine can be regarded as a savior in the current scenario. Over the years, radioactivity of radioisotopes has been employed for treatment of many diseases. Nuclear medicines came up with radiopharmaceuticals that impart the ability to destroy specific diseased cells with high-energy-emitting radionuclides. Moreover, the emergence of theranostics, which is a combination of single drug used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose, has added a new feather in the field of nuclear medicines for providing a specific and personalized treatment to the patient. The current chapter discusses about techniques used for imaging of these radionuclides for better therapy and diagnosis of the root cause of the concerned disease by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with them. It also describes about applications of theranostics and nuclear imaging in cancer treatment and their future perspective.

scholarly journals PET – advanced nuclear imaging technology for medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska ◽  
Aleksandra Supińska ◽  
Jacek Iwanowski ◽  
Adriana Tyczyńska ◽  
Bożena Birkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most advanced diagnostic imaging technology along with well-known techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Tremendous technical progress in engineering, imaging and radiopharmacy has provided the basis for impressive technological advances in the field of nuclear medicine over the past 50 years. Current nuclear medicine can be divided into 2 groups: the classic, which uses gamma-cameras for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and the more modern PET technique. The clinical PET technique requires: (i) patient administration of the radiopharmaceutical labelled with a positron emitter, (ii) recording of the gamma radiation emitted from the patient’s body with a dedicated PET/ CT scanner, (iii) processing and analysis of recorded images. This article presents the basics of PET technology and research, and describes new technical trends introduced by the leading manufacturers of PET/CT scanners.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Nuclear Imaging of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond 18F-FDG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Feng ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Tang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Glucose homeostasis plays a key role in numerous fundamental aspects of life, and its dysregulation is associated with many important diseases such as cancer. The atypical glucose metabolic phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and serves as a promising target for tumor specific imaging. At present, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represented the state-of-the-art radionuclide imaging technique for this purpose. The powerful impact of 18F-FDG has prompted intensive research efforts into other glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Currently, glucose and its analogues have been labeled with various radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In, 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu and have been successfully investigated for tumor metabolic imaging in many preclinical studies. Moreover, 99mTc-ECDG has advanced into its early clinical trials and brings a new era of tumor imaging beyond 18F-FDG. In this review, preclinical and early clinical development of glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for tumor metabolic imaging will be summarized.

scholarly journals New Radionuclides and Technological Advances in SPECT and PET Scanners

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. van der Meulen ◽  
Klaus Strobel ◽  
Thiago Viana Miranda Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rubidium 82

Developments throughout the history of nuclear medicine have involved improvements in both instrumentation and radionuclides, which have been intertwined. Instrumentation developments always occurred during the search to improving devices’ sensitivity and included advances in detector technology (with the introduction of cadmium zinc telluride and digital Positron Emission Tomography—PET-devices with silicon photomultipliers), design (total body PET) and configuration (ring-shaped, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Compton camera). In the field of radionuclide development, we observed the continual changing of clinically used radionuclides, which is sometimes influenced by instrumentation technology but also driven by availability, patient safety and clinical questions. Some areas, such as tumour imaging, have faced challenges when changing radionuclides based on availability, when this produced undesirable clinical findings with the introduction of unclear focal uptakes and unspecific uptakes. On the other end of spectrum, further developments of PET technology have seen a resurgence in its use in nuclear cardiology, with rubidium-82 from strontium-82/rubidium-82 generators being the radionuclide of choice, moving away from SPECT nuclides thallium-201 and technetium-99m. These continuing improvements in both instrumentation and radionuclide development have helped the growth of nuclear medicine and its importance in the ever-evolving range of patient care options.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine imaging technique in the erectile dysfunction evaluation: a mini-review

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽  
Regina Moura ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
Jean Pierre Spinosa ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography is capable of visualizing subtle changes in physiological function in vivo. Erectile dysfunction(ED) diminishes quality of life for affected men and their partners. Identification of neural substrates may provide information regarding the pathophysiology of types of sexual dysfunction originating in the brain. The aim of this work is to verify the approaches of the nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of the erectile function/disfunction. A search using the words ED and nuclear medicine, ED and scintigraphy, ED and spect and ED and pet was done in the PubMed. The number of citations in each subject was determined. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. To tackle problems such as hyposexual disorders or ED caused by brain disorders, it is crucial to understand how the human brain controls sexual arousal and penile erection.

A Review on Nuclear Imaging as a Promising Modality for Efficient Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Rafique ◽  
Rashid Rasheed ◽  
Saba Shamim ◽  
Munazza Ijaz ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Health Organization

: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and is declared a global health issue by the World Health Organization in 1993. Due to the complex pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it remains a global threat. This article reviews the conventional diagnostic modalities for tuberculosis, their limitations to detect latent TB, multiple drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus co-infected TB lesions, and TB in children. Moreover, this review illustrates the importance of nuclear medicine imaging for early, non-invasive diagnosis of TB to detect disease stages and monitor therapy response. Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography with their specific radionuclides have been extensively used for a thorough assessment of TB.

Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikant Sabharwal ◽  
Chee Yee Loong ◽  
Andrew Kelion
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Pet ◽  
Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Instrumentation

Introduction to cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) 212PET instrumentation (1) 214PET instrumentation (2) 216Radiopharmaceuticals for cardiac PET (1) 218Radiopharmaceuticals for cardiac PET (2) 220Interpretation and clinical significance of cardiac PET studies 222As in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) involves the injection of a radiopharmaceutical, the physiological properties of which determine its distribution within the patient. The labelling radionuclide then allows this distribution to be imaged. In contrast to SPECT, the positron-emitting radionuclides used in PET produce pairs of high energy 511keV ...

scholarly journals The 2020 national diagnostic reference levels for nuclear medicine in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
Koichiro Abe ◽  
Makoto Hosono ◽  
Takayuki Igarashi ◽  
Takashi Iimori ◽  
Masanobu Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract The diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are one of several effective tools for optimizing nuclear medicine examinations and reducing patient exposure. With the advances in imaging technology and alterations of examination protocols, the DRLs must be reviewed periodically. The first DRLs in Japan were established in 2015, and since 5 years have passed, it is time to review and revise the DRLs. We conducted a survey to investigate the administered activities of radiopharmaceuticals and the radiation doses of computed tomography (CT) in hybrid CT accompanied by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. We distributed a Web-based survey to 915 nuclear medicine facilities throughout Japan and survey responses were provided by 256 nuclear medicine facilities (response rate 28%). We asked for the facility's median actual administered activity and median radiation dose of hybrid CT when SPECT/CT or PET/CT was performed for patients with standard habitus in the standard protocol of the facility for each nuclear medicine examination. We determined the new DRLs based on the 75th percentile referring to the 2015 DRLs, drug package inserts, and updated guidelines. The 2020 DRLs are almost the same as the 2015 DRLs, but for the relatively long-lived radionuclides, the DRLs are set low due to the changes in the Japanese delivery system. There are no items set higher than the previous values. Although the DRLs determined this time are roughly equivalent to the DRLs used in the US, overall they tend to be higher than the European DRLs. The DRLs of the radiation dose of CT in hybrid CT vary widely depending on each imaging site and the purpose of the examination.

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