scholarly journals A Zero-Waste Process for the Treatment of Spent Potliner (SPL) Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir I. Abu-Eishah ◽  
Manal D.M. Raheem ◽  
Fatma A.S. Aljasmi ◽  
Fatima M.O. Alameri ◽  
Amna G.R. Alblooshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Fluoride ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Aluminum Fluoride ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Agno3 Solution ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Silver Cyanide

This work presents a deep analyses of an environmentally friendly process to recover all valuable minerals contained in the spent potliner (SPL) such as graphite carbon and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) and production of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) when H2SO4 is used as the leaching agent. The level of emission of hazardous gases such as HCN (weak acid) and HF are minimized by direct scrubbing of the HCN in aqueous AgNO3 solution to produce a stable silver cyanide (AgCN) product. The HF can be recovered as a liquid by condensation and used within the process and/or in production of metal fluorides such as the highly-soluble potassium fluoride (KF); a main source of fluoride in industry. Almost pure CO2 gas is also recovered from the process gas streams.

scholarly journals Behavior of Small Particles from Process Gas Streams in Diffusion Furnaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
K. W. Lee ◽  
L. A. Curtis ◽  
J. J. Chahine ◽  
F. Yaghmaie
Keyword(s):  
Small Particles ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Process Gas

Comparative Study of CO2 Absorption in Aqueous Mixtures of Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and Methanol, Focusing on the Temperature and Concentration Influence over the Absorption Rate

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
F.J. Tamajón ◽  
Estrella Álvarez ◽  
F. Cerdeira ◽  
M.E. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Methanol Solutions ◽  
Cell Reactor ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Stirred Cell

The use of tertiary methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as an absorbent for the CO2 removal from process gas streams has increased due to its advantages over primary and secondary amines. Methanol is also widely used as an organic physical solvent for the CO2 capture. Mixed solvents are expected to have a higher capacity for the acid gases than the solvent alone. The chemical absorption rate of CO2 was measured in mixtures of MDEA (weight 5%, 15% and 30%) and water-methanol solutions at different % weight relations by using a stirred-cell reactor with plane gas-liquid interface. Experiments provided data measured at a range from 283.15 K to 313.15 K operation temperatures. Results show how the solubility of CO2 varies in all systems involved focusing on temperature and concentration changes. The solubility of CO2 in the aqueous mixed MDEA with methanol as a solvent becomes significantly greater than in the aqueous amine alone.

Parametric Studies of Microstructural Performance Effects in Solid Oxide Cells

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary K. van Zandt ◽  
George J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Electrochemical Potentials

A distributed charge transfer model has been developed to analyze solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 atmospheres. The model couples mass transport based on the dusty-gas model, ion and electron transport in terms of charged species electrochemical potentials, and electrochemical reactions defined by Butler-Volmer kinetics. The model is validated by comparison to published experimental data, particularly cell polarization curves for both fuel cell and electrolyzer operation. Parametric studies have been performed to compare the effects of microstructure on the performance of SOFCs and SOECs operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 gas streams. Compared to the H2-H2O system, the power density of the CO-CO2 system shows a greater sensitivity to porosity and tortuosity. Analyses of the effects of the pore diameter suggest the H2-H2O and CO-CO2 systems are affected by changes in pore diameter in a similar manner. However, the concentration losses of the CO-CO2 system are significantly higher than those of the H2-H2O system for the pore sizes analyzed. While both systems can be shown to improve in performance with higher porosity, lower tortuosity, and larger pore sizes the results of these parametric studies imply that CO-CO2 systems would benefit more from such microstructural changes. These results further suggest that objectives for tailoring microstructure in solid oxide cells operating in CO-CO2 are distinct from objectives for more common H2-focused systems.

Optimized CO2 Capture Solutions for Carbon Free Hydrogen Production with Development of New Demixing Solvent Technology DMX™

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Salais ◽  
Laurent Normand ◽  
Christian Streicher
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Process Gas

Abstract CO2 capture & storage is foreseen as a necessity to limit global warming, as indicated by the recent reports from International Energy Agency. Major initiatives have to be initiated in a near future with concrete actions to get efficient results in limiting global warming. Based on its decades of experience in gas sweetening AXENS has developed an expertise in CO2 removal technologies. While conventional amine based processes can be used for some CO2 capture applications like for instance the treatment of process gas streams under pressure, other applications for low pressure gas streams like flue gases will require innovative advanced solutions. AXENS has studied various options for the removal of CO2 in SMR based hydrogen schemes, including the treatment of the process gas or the treatment of the flue gases from the SMR furnace, evaluating the respective merits of those options. For the treatment of the flue gases a new technology developed by IFPEN and AXENS based on a second generation amine solvent is considered : DMX™ DMX™ process, is foreseen as a key contributor for the removal of CO2 from all kind of low pressure gas streams. This process allows drastic reduction of CO2 capture cost in comparison to more conventional solvent such as MEA and others available solvents. The specific features of this solvent allows significant reduction of the heat requirements for the regeneration of the solvent. It also allows regenerating the solvent directly under pressure up to 6 bara, reducing the costs for downstream CO2 compression Preliminary techno-economic studies show significant advantage of DMX™ technology relatively to MEA : up to 30 % reduction in OPEX can be obtained for lower or similar CAPEX, depending on the condition. This process has been developed at the lab scale and is now going to be demonstrated in an industrial pilot unit installed in ArcelorMittal's steel mill plant in Dunkirk (France). This demonstration benefits from the support of EU's H2020 programme, under 3D project.

A Continuous Electrolytic Analyzer for Acidic or Basic Components of Process Gas Streams.

1963 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1709-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Burnett ◽  
R. F. Klaver
Keyword(s):  
Gas Streams ◽  
Process Gas
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