Post-Traumatic Stress (Disorder) in the Post-9/11 World

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Lawrence Tritle
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Improvised Explosive

This chapter investigates the issue of landpower from a demographic perspective, exploring the realities of military manpower in a time when fewer than 1 percent of the American people serve in uniform. Since 9/11, the United States has deployed in combat situations this minority of the population in Afghanistan and Iraq, where thousands have been exposed to a new-age weapon of choice, the IED, the Improvised Explosive Device. Many hundreds have been killed or maimed for life. Many thousands more have suffered debilitating, if not life-changing, head and brain injuries. The latest generation of diagnostic tools now available to medical professionals, magnetic resonance imaging, makes clear the catastrophic damage such weapons inflict on the human brain. These findings have enhanced the scientific and popular understanding of the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder, and such precursors as Combat Fatigue, Shell Shock, and Soldier's Heart. The lingering question remains the extent to which the USgovernment and the governed will recognize and act on the revealed science.

Betrayal

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Andrew Marble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
High School Graduation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
School Graduation

Returning to Peoria, Illinois, on the morning after the June 1952 high school graduation, the chapter tells, through Donna Bechtold’s eyes, how John Shalikashvili fought to assimilate to life in the United States, how manipulative and strategic he could be and how this helped him to be well-liked at school, and how he struggled with demons from his wartime past (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD). It also reveals that Bechtold, despite all he has done for her, is set to betray him.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Chronic Pain in the Military

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Jordana L. Sommer ◽  
Rachel Roy ◽  
Pamela L. Holens ◽  
Renée El-Gabalawy
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter summarizes the current literature on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain among military personnel in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, including an overview of clinical features, prevalence, correlates, comorbidity, assessment, and intervention. PTSD and chronic pain are both prevalent among military populations and commonly co-occur; however, prevalence estimates tend to vary in the literature, according to type of assessment, timing of assessment, and subsample of interest. Both PTSD and chronic pain are independently associated with various adverse correlates such as psychiatric and physical health comorbidity, and research suggests there are poorer health and adverse psychosocial effects when these conditions co-occur. These findings highlight the importance of adequate prevention, screening, and interventions among this population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emergency Physicians in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph DeLucia ◽  
Cindy Bitter ◽  
Jennifer Fitzgerald ◽  
Miggie Greenberg ◽  
Preeti Dalwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals An Update on the Complexity and Importance of Accurately Diagnosing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263310552090789
Author(s):  
Valerie Rosen ◽  
Gayle Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Explosive Devices

As awareness for diagnosing and screening patients for trauma has grown, more effective evidence-based treatments are available to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite these gains, several patients are non-responsive to care and research has shifted to determining barriers for cure or improvement. With the advent of modern warfare, the combination of intermittent explosive devices and more robust armor has resulted in service members surviving blasts that historically would have been lethal, resulting in a rise in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Post-traumatic stress disorder and TBI are often comorbid and can serve as the aforementioned barriers for cure or improvement for each other if one goes unrecognized. This mini-review will discuss the importance of diagnosing both entities, especially when they are comorbid, by examining how misdiagnosis may interfere with treatment outcomes. Several recent advances in methods to successfully distinguish between the two disorders will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Roberts ◽  
S. E. Gilman ◽  
J. Breslau ◽  
N. Breslau ◽  
K. C. Koenen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundTo identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population.MethodData from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analysed.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of PTSD was highest among Blacks (8.7%), intermediate among Hispanics and Whites (7.0% and 7.4%) and lowest among Asians (4.0%). Differences in risk for trauma varied by type of event. Whites were more likely than the other groups to have any trauma, to learn of a trauma to someone close, and to learn of an unexpected death, but Blacks and Hispanics had higher risk of child maltreatment, chiefly witnessing domestic violence, and Asians, Black men, and Hispanic women had higher risk of war-related events than Whites. Among those exposed to trauma, PTSD risk was slightly higher among Blacks [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.22] and lower among Asians (aOR 0.67) compared with Whites, after adjustment for characteristics of trauma exposure. All minority groups were less likely to seek treatment for PTSD than Whites (aOR range: 0.39–0.61), and fewer than half of minorities with PTSD sought treatment (range: 32.7–42.0%).ConclusionsWhen PTSD affects US race/ethnic minorities, it is usually untreated. Large disparities in treatment indicate a need for investment in accessible and culturally sensitive treatment options.

Symonds on fear and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110519
Author(s):  
AD (Sandy) Macleod
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Post Traumatic

Prominent English neurologist Sir Charles Symonds, during World War II service with the Royal Air Force, published a series of articles emphasizing the role of fear initiating psychological breakdown in combat airmen (termed Lack of Moral Fibre). Having served in a medical capacity in the previous war, Symonds re-presented the phylogenetic conceptualizations formed by his colleagues addressing ‘shell shock’. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) re-classified Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), removing the diagnosis from the category of Anxiety Disorders. This was the view introduced a century ago by the trench doctors of World War I and affirmed by Symonds’ clinical experience and studies in World War II.

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