Research of Electric Motor Multi-type Soft Start Control Mode Based on over-load Protection

Development of an aircraft active sidestick control is an actual direction in modern flight control systems which allows to increase safety, to improve cabin ergonomics and to reduce the mass and weight of control levers. The article devoted to simulation modeling of a pair active sidesticks based on electromechanical actuators coupled by a frameless kinematic scheme, providing identical dynamic characteristics for the pitch and roll channels. MATLAB, Simulink, Simscape, with SimMechanics and SimPowerSystems libraries was used to create the mathematical model. Parameters such as moments of inertia was count based on the 3D model of the active sidestick. The complex model includes two active sidesticks units, three blocks as the input source ("Autopilot", blocks of the 1st and 2nd pilots), a block that compute a loading characteristic for the manual control mode and a block with logic for switching from automatic to manual mode. The model of each active sidestick unit consists of three main blocks: a regulator, an electric motor with a control system, and a block of mechanics. The regulator block includes a PID regulator and a PWM modulator. The electric motor unit includes a power source, a three-phase bridge inverter, a model of a brushless three-phase electric motor from the SimPowerSystems library and a power switch control unit. The mechanics block includes a planetary gearbox, hinge mechanism, handle, moments of inertia, a position sensor, a torsion rod equal to tension springs which are used in device, a nonlinear speed damper and a torque source unit, depending on the force applied by the pilot. Developed model makes it possible to get static and dynamic characteristics of the actuators, to check control algorithms to simulate operating modes in automatic and manual control, including piloting by both pilots at the same time and the interruption in automatic control mode. Including in model a " hold position block" allowed to simulate situation when in manual control mode the 1st pilot tries to hold the handle in a position that he considers correct, despite the intervention of the 2nd pilot. The simulation results showed that developed device meets specified requirements for the aircraft active sidesticks.

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Electron holography of p-n junctions

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100167330 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 974-975

Author(s):

B.G. Frost ◽

D.C. Joy ◽

L.F. Allard ◽

E. Voelkl

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Field Emission ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Image Plane ◽

Reference Wave ◽

Field Of View ◽

Control Mode ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Electron Holography

A wide holographic field of view (up to 15 μm in the Hitachi-HF2000) is achieved in a TEM by switching off the objective lens and imaging the sample by the first intermediate lens. Fig.1 shows the corresponding ray diagram for low magnification image plane off-axis holography. A coherent electron beam modulated by the sample in its amplitude and its phase is superimposed on a plane reference wave by a negatively biased Möllenstedt-type biprism.Our holograms are acquired utilizing a Hitachi HF-2000 field emission electron microscope at 200 kV. Essential for holography are a field emission gun and an electron biprism. At low magnification, the excitation of each lens must be appropriately adjusted by the free lens control mode of the microscope. The holograms are acquired by a 1024 by 1024 slow-scan CCD-camera and processed by the “Holoworks” software. The hologram fringes indicate positively and negatively charged areas in a sample by the direction of the fringe bending (Fig.2).

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Automation Surprise

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert J. de Boer ◽

Karel Hurts

Keyword(s):

Flight Control ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Aviation Safety ◽

Control Mode ◽

Cognitive Errors ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Airline Pilots ◽

Flight Operations ◽

Widespread Phenomenon ◽

Few Data

Abstract. Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.

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Small Electric Motor for Amateurs

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican01031891-12510supp ◽

1891 ◽

Vol 31 (783supp) ◽

pp. 12510-12511

Author(s):

George M. Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Electric Motor

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An Interesting Static Electric Motor

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican01041913-11b ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 11-11

Author(s):

H. B. Dailey

Keyword(s):

Electric Motor

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Parkhurst's Electric Motor

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican12061890-12449asupp ◽

1890 ◽

Vol 30 (779supp) ◽

pp. 12449-12449

Keyword(s):

Electric Motor

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Intensive care of a complicated form of asthmatic status (clinical case)

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-31(406)-46-51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (31) ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

D. A. Temerov ◽

L. V. Vorobyova ◽

S. V. Vyzhevsky ◽

S. B. Savchenkov ◽

Yu. V. Marchenkov

Keyword(s):

Clinical Case ◽

Mixture Distribution ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Control Mode ◽

Respiratory Support ◽

Oxygen Mixture ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Optimal Regime ◽

Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽

Airway Patency

The article presents a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with prolonged asthmatic status. The pathogenesis of purulent-septic and other life-threatening complications developing as a result of the above critical condition is described. The positive effect of a differentiated approach in conducting respiratory support depending on the stage of the disease is justified: at the beginning, when airway obstruction is in the foreground, and in the future, when restrictive respiratory disorders develop. When conducting respiratory support, the most reasonable methods for ensuring airway patency were selected. The necessity of neurovegetative blockade and myoplegia for the prevention of pulmonary barotrauma during respiratory support by aggressive ventilation modes and with the goal of antihypoxic protection of the brain is emphasized. During the treatment of the patient, it was confirmed that the optimal regime for obstruction of the bronchi is forced volume-cyclic ventilation of the lungs to provide the necessary minute volume of breathing, and in severe pneumonia, in the case of relief of bronchial obstruction, respiratory support is carried out in pressure control mode for better air-oxygen mixture distribution in the airways. The need for early tracheostomy and daily therapeutic fibrobronchoscopy to ensure airway patency and treat pneumonia has been confirmed.

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CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny ◽

10.33868/0365-8392-2019-4-260-29-35 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Oleksandr Gryshchuk ◽

Volodymyr Hladchenko ◽

Uriy Overchenko

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engine ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Motor ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Sales Forecasts ◽

Financial Investments ◽

Near Future

This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.

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