The Effects of a Single Bout of Soccer Heading of Single and Dual-Task Tandem Gait in Collegiate Recreationally Active Individuals

Introduction: The understanding of subconcussive impacts is limited with few assessments to determine effects in a recreationally active population due to existing tests being static and unidimensional. Methods: This study investigated the effects of 10 soccer headers on pre and post-test measurements of patient reported outcome measures and single and dual-task tandem gait of 12 recreationally active college-aged participants. Results: No changes due to the heading session were observed; however, there was a detectable learning effect with participants walking faster and committing more gait errors but less cognitive errors. Conclusion: A bout of soccer heading may not pose an immediate risk to dynamic postural control and cognitive function.

Empathic Psychology: A Code of Risk Prevention and Control for Behavior Guidance in the Multicultural Context

This study aims to uncover the relationship among multicultural differences, empathy, and the behaviors of risk prevention and control in the context of crisis events by using a sample of 300 individuals in 10 different multicultural countries. A theoretical logic model was applied to empirical analysis, and the results indicated that cultural differences positively influenced the behavior of empathy communication and risk prevention and control. Further analyses revealed that real-time monitoring of changes in empathy could provide better options of measures for local risk prevention and control when the same crisis event occurred in a multicultural context. With user-generated content (UGC) emerging in the web 2.0 era, this paper proposed a more profound empathy code regarding the periodicity of risk prevention and control. This paper expects to contribute to the circumvention of cognitive errors caused by cultural differences, and to further provide effective conduction for individuals' risk prevention and control behaviors.

CURRENT ISSUES OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

Prolonged instability of socio-political conditions and unpredictable transformations in the modern life of many countries of the world require from the average person realization of stress-protective abilities and constant activation of an adaptive reserve. These features of modern life make increased demands on psychotherapeutic practice. One of the most recognized modern methods of psychotherapeutic care around the world is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which is rapidly evolving and systematically updated with new data. We consider timely and relevant analysis of recent publications in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy and identification of promising research topics that will serve as a basis for their further in-depth study. The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions and priority topics of research of cognitive-behavioral therapy at the present stage of its development (for the last 5 years during 2017-2021). During the research the methods of theoretical analysis of scientific sources on research issues were used; systematization, generalization of the analyzed data. According to the results of our study, two main areas were identified: theoretical and methodological (specified components of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapy; data on comparing the methodology of cognitive-behavioral therapy with other psychotherapeutic practices, including Gestalt therapy, Мusic therapy) and methodical (means of cognitive-behavioral therapy aimed at diagnosing cognitive errors – “Scale of emotional schemes of R. Likha” in adaptation by N. Sirota, questionnaire of cognitive errors by A. Freeman, R. DeVolf in adaptation by O. Bobrov and E. Faizrakhmanova, Scale of cognitive exposures R. Kovin in the adaptation of T. Kryukova, identified areas of implementation of modern training programs of cognitive-behavioral therapy – educational activities, family relationships). The obtained results can be applied in the education in order to update the work programs and educational literature on teaching the basics of cognitive-behavioral therapy. A review of current research on cognitive-behavioral therapy has shown that the priority topics of the theoretical and methodological direction are the latest trends of the third wave of cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as a comparative analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy and other psychotherapeutic practices. The most relevant topics of methodological direction are the development and adaptation of methodological tools of cognitive-behavioral therapy; improvement of technologies for conducting sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinical practice; introduction of training programs in the paradigm of cognitive-behavioral therapy in socio-pedagogical practice. It can be generalized that modern cognitive-behavioral therapy is intensively developed and updated in accordance with the requirements of the time (integration of approaches, Internet communication, mobile applications for cognitive-behavioral therapy).

Linking Phubbing Behavior to Self-Reported Attentional Failures and Media Multitasking

Phubbing, or using a phone to snub another person, has been investigated through social and personality frameworks. Phubbing involves attending to and performing competing tasks, implying the involvement of attentional abilities. Yet, past research has not yet used a cognitive framework to establish a link between phubbing and attention. Using self-report data from a large online sample, we explored the associations between phubbing and everyday attentional failures. Phubbing was associated with difficulties in attentional shifting and distractibility, frequent attentional lapses, spontaneous and deliberate mind wandering, and attention-related cognitive errors. When examining these attention variables alongside several psychosocial and personality variables, attention-related cognitive errors acted as the biggest predictor of phubbing behavior. Phubbing was also positively correlated with media multitasking, which is a conceptually similar yet distinct technology use behavior. The results suggest that perceived everyday attentional failures are strongly associated with, and to an extent can predict, phubbing behavior, even more so than some social and personality variables. Technology has incorporated itself as a necessity, or at the very least a favored convenience, in most people’s lives. Characterizing technology multitasking behaviors from a variety of frameworks can help us better understand who is engaging in these behaviors and why.

Learning to hesitate

We investigate how people make choices when they are unsure about the value of the options they face and have to decide whether to choose now or wait and acquire more information first. In an experiment, we find that participants deviate from optimal information acquisition in a systematic manner. They acquire too much information (when they should only collect little) or not enough (when they should collect a lot). We show that this pattern can be explained as naturally emerging from Fechner cognitive errors. Over time participants tend to learn to approximate the optimal strategy when information is relatively costly.

Understanding Why Math and Science Teachers Quit: Evidence of Cognitive Errors

Every year school districts must fill tens of thousands of teacher vacancies in mathematics and science. Reasons for the high rate of attrition are described in general terms, such as lack of administrative support and dissatisfaction. Analysis of direct quotes from qualitative research, however, suggests the presence of cognitive errors within the decision-making process of those teachers who quit. Cognitive errors include all or nothing thinking and fortune telling, among others. Results of this study are interpreted in comparison to the attrition literature. Suggestions for future research, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy training for preservice teachers, are presented.

Characterization of undiagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on CT scans.

380 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. At present, the best 5-year survival is 25% for resectable PDAC. For small (1 cm) stage 1 PDAC, resection has resulted in much better survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate the appearance and location of early undiagnosed PDAC on computed tomography scans (CT) prior to diagnosis with the goal of minimizing missing early PDAC. We also categorize the errors as either perceptive or cognitive. Methods: PDAC cases were retrospectively reviewed from 1/1/2012 through 12/31/2018 from our tumor registry, identifying 81 cases with paired CT scans both at the time of and prior to diagnosis. Among these, 31 contained imaging features considered diagnostic or suspicious for early PDAC(38%). These “errors” were classified by radiologic features and as well as by location. In addition, errors were classified into “perceptive errors" when the first study was read as normal, and as “cognitive errors” when the report noted an abnormality but failed to note suspicion for malignancy. Results: Among the 31 undiagnosed PDAC, 18 had features of an identifiable mass (58%), 9 had pancreatic ductal dilatation (29%), and 4 had evidence of perivascular soft tissue (13%). 44% of undiagnosed tumors were located in the head-neck, 39% in the body, and 17% in the tail. Perceptive errors were found in 58% and 42% were cognitive. No significant differences were seen between perceptive and cognitive errors based on suspicious features. Conclusions: Radiologic findings of early PDAC was retrospectively evident in more than one third of cases in which prior imaging was performed. These findings are most often masses or ductal dilatation. Location of these undiagnosed tumors were distributed throughout the gland. This study identifies the radiologic features of undiagnosed PDAC which may provide an opportunity for future prospective studies and improved technology which may improve early detection of pancreatic cancer.