scholarly journals Two-Layer Encryption based on Paillier and ElGamal Cryptosystem for Privacy Violation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Anjan K Koundinya ◽  
◽  
Gautham SK
Keyword(s):  
Elgamal Cryptosystem ◽  
Privacy Violation

Text Encryption based on Huffman Coding and ElGamal Cryptosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirom Motilal Singh ◽  
Laiphrakpam Dolendro Singh ◽  
Themrichon Tuithung
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Huffman Coding ◽  
Large Integer ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Elgamal Cryptosystem ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Transfer Operation ◽  
And Performance

Background: Data which are in the form of text, audio, image and video are used everywhere in our modern scientific world. These data are stored in physical storage, cloud storage and other storage devices. Some of it are very sensitive and requires efficient security while storing as well as in transmitting from the sender to the receiver. Objective: With the increase in data transfer operation, enough space is also required to store these data. Many researchers have been working to develop different encryption schemes, yet there exist many limitations in their works. There is always a need for encryption schemes with smaller cipher data, faster execution time and low computation cost. Methods: A text encryption based on Huffman coding and ElGamal cryptosystem is proposed. Initially, the text data is converted to its corresponding binary bits using Huffman coding. Next, the binary bits are grouped and again converted into large integer values which will be used as the input for the ElGamal cryptosystem. Results: Encryption and Decryption are successfully performed where the data size is reduced using Huffman coding and advance security with the smaller key size is provided by the ElGamal cryptosystem. Conclusion: Simulation results and performance analysis specifies that our encryption algorithm is better than the existing algorithms under consideration.

A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues in Modern Healthcare Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Akm Iqtidar Newaz ◽  
Amit Kumar Sikder ◽  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
A. Selcuk Uluagac
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Privacy Violation

Recent advancements in computing systems and wireless communications have made healthcare systems more efficient than before. Modern healthcare devices can monitor and manage different health conditions of patients automatically without any manual intervention from medical professionals. Additionally, the use of implantable medical devices, body area networks, and Internet of Things technologies in healthcare systems improve the overall patient monitoring and treatment process. However, these systems are complex in software and hardware, and optimizing between security, privacy, and treatment is crucial for healthcare systems because any security or privacy violation can lead to severe effects on patients’ treatments and overall health conditions. Indeed, the healthcare domain is increasingly facing security challenges and threats due to numerous design flaws and the lack of proper security measures in healthcare devices and applications. In this article, we explore various security and privacy threats to healthcare systems and discuss the consequences of these threats. We present a detailed survey of different potential attacks and discuss their impacts. Furthermore, we review the existing security measures proposed for healthcare systems and discuss their limitations. Finally, we conclude the article with future research directions toward securing healthcare systems against common vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Improved cryptanalysis of a ElGamal Cryptosystem Based on Matrices Over Group Rings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-279
Author(s):  
Atul Pandey ◽  
Indivar Gupta ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Logarithm ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Group Rings ◽  
Diffie Hellman ◽  
Algebra Approach ◽  
Elgamal Cryptosystem ◽  
Diffie Hellman Key Exchange ◽  
Equivalent Keys

AbstractElGamal cryptosystem has emerged as one of the most important construction in Public Key Cryptography (PKC) since Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol was proposed. However, public key schemes which are based on number theoretic problems such as discrete logarithm problem (DLP) are at risk because of the evolution of quantum computers. As a result, other non-number theoretic alternatives are a dire need of entire cryptographic community.In 2016, Saba Inam and Rashid Ali proposed a ElGamal-like cryptosystem based on matrices over group rings in ‘Neural Computing & Applications’. Using linear algebra approach, Jia et al. provided a cryptanalysis for the cryptosystem in 2019 and claimed that their attack could recover all the equivalent keys. However, this is not the case and we have improved their cryptanalysis approach and derived all equivalent key pairs that can be used to totally break the ElGamal-like cryptosystem proposed by Saba and Rashid. Using the decomposition of matrices over group rings to larger size matrices over rings, we have made the cryptanalysing algorithm more practical and efficient. We have also proved that the ElGamal cryptosystem proposed by Saba and Rashid does not achieve the security of IND-CPA and IND-CCA.

Understanding the disclosure of personal data online

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Parker ◽  
Stephen Flowerday
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Social media has created a new level of interconnected communication. However, the use of online platforms brings about various ways in which a user’s personal data can be put at risk. This study aims to investigate what drives the disclosure of personal information online and whether an increase in awareness of the value of personal information motivates users to safeguard their information. Design/methodology/approach Fourteen university students participated in a mixed-methods experiment, where responses to Likert-type scale items were combined with responses to interview questions to provide insight into the cost–benefit analysis users conduct when disclosing information online. Findings Overall, the findings indicate that users are able to disregard their concerns due to a resigned and apathetic attitude towards privacy. Furthermore, subjective norms enhanced by fear of missing out (FOMO) further allows users to overlook potential risks to their information in order to avoid social isolation and sanction. Alternatively, an increased awareness of the personal value of information and having experienced a previous privacy violation encourage the protection of information and limited disclosure. Originality/value This study provides insight into privacy and information disclosure on social media in South Africa. To the knowledge of the researchers, this is the first study to include a combination of the theory of planned behaviour and the privacy calculus model, together with the antecedent factors of personal valuation of information, trust in the social media provider, FOMO.

The Unethics of Sharing: Wikiwashing

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Mayo Fuster Morell
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In order for online communities to assemble and grow, some basic infrastructure is necessary that makes possible the aggregation of the collective action. There is a very intimate and complex relationship between the technological infrastructure and the social character of the community which uses it. Today, most infrastructure is provided by corporations and the contrast between community and corporate dynamics is becoming increasingly pronounced. But rather than address the issues, the corporations are actively obfuscating it. Wikiwashing refers to a strategy of corporate infrastructure providers where practices associated to their role of profit seeking corporations (such as abusive terms of use, privacy violation, censorship, and use of voluntary work for profit purposes, among others) that would be seen as unethical by the communities they enable are concealed by promoting a misleading image of themselves associated with the general values of wikis and Wikipedia (such as sharing and collaboration, openness and transparency). The empirical analysis is based on case studies (Facebook , Yahoo! and Google) and triangulation of several methods.

scholarly journals A Homomorphic Encryption Based Location Privacy Preservation Scheme for Crowdsensing Tasks Allocation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Qi Yuan ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Homomorphic Encryption ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Privacy Violation

Abstract In the process of crowdsensing, tasks allocation is an important part for the precise as well as the quality of feedback results. However, during this process, the applicants, the publisher and the authorized agency may aware the location of each other, and then threaten the privacy of them. Thus, in order to cope with the problem of privacy violation during the process of tasks allocation, in this paper, based on the basic idea of homomorphic encryption, an encrypted grids matching scheme is proposed (short for EGMS) to provide privacy preservation service for each entity that participates in the process of crowdsensing. In this scheme, the grids used for tasks allocation are encrypted firstly, so the task matching with applicants and publisher also in an encrypted environment. Next, locations used for allocation as well as locations that applicants can provide services are secrets for each other, so that the location privacy of applicants and publisher can be preserved. At last, applicants of task feedback results of each grid that they located in, and the publisher gets these results, and the whole process of crowdsensing is finished. At the last part of this paper, two types of security analysis are given to prove the security between applicants and the publisher. Then several groups of experimental verification that simulates the task allocation are used to test the security and efficiency of EGMS, and the results are compared with other similar schemes, so as to further demonstrate the superiority of proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Swarm: A federated cloud framework for large-scale variant analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e1008977
Author(s):  
Amir Bahmani ◽  
Kyle Ferriter ◽  
Vandhana Krishnan ◽  
Arash Alavi ◽  
Amir Alavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Cloud Framework ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Genomic Data Analysis ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Privacy Violation

Genomic data analysis across multiple cloud platforms is an ongoing challenge, especially when large amounts of data are involved. Here, we present Swarm, a framework for federated computation that promotes minimal data motion and facilitates crosstalk between genomic datasets stored on various cloud platforms. We demonstrate its utility via common inquiries of genomic variants across BigQuery in the Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Athena in the Amazon Web Services (AWS), Apache Presto and MySQL. Compared to single-cloud platforms, the Swarm framework significantly reduced computational costs, run-time delays and risks of security breach and privacy violation.

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