The Semiotics of Visual Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-307
Author(s):  
Steven Skaggs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Logo Design ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Visual Identity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Identity System ◽  
Indirect Reference

Visual identity systems allow a visual object to stand for, and provide suggestive expression of, a host. The primary graphic element in a visual identity system is the logo. In three sections, this article explores inportant semiotic mechanisms by which logos perform the work of identifying. The first section points to the difference between basic visual differentiation (boundary coherence) and affective/cognitive reference (semantic coherence). It makes a distinction between two kinds of reference that occur simultaneously in logos: (1) an immediate referencing of the host entity (the entity for which identification is sought), and (2), indirect, reference that is often metaphoric in character. The second section offers a four-part classification scheme for logos based upon a Peircean icon/index/symbol division with the addition of an axis of syntactical detail. A “hidden” class of logo is predicted by this Peircean framework; examples are identified and this class is named “gesturegraphs”. It is argued that this four-part classification scheme is both semiotically necessary and sufficient. Any further classes of logos can be considered subclasses within the four semiotic factors proposed. These classes are not judged to be discrete, but rather to afford blended and combinatorial situations. The rhetorical tropes of metonym and metaphor are discussed in terms of their value to the pictographic mode of logo design. Finally, in the third section of the article, genre is defined as the coherence of stylistic features in relation to the sector of the host’s activity. Two case studies are given as examples of how genre influences the semantical context of logos.

Modifying Perceived Size of a Handled Object through Hand Image Deformation

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ban ◽  
Takuji Narumi ◽  
Tomohiro Tanikawa ◽  
Michitaka Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Shape Perception ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Display System ◽  
Haptic Interaction ◽  
Image Deformation ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hand Image

In this study, we aim to construct a perception-based shape display system to provide users with the sensation of touching virtual objects of varying shapes using only a simple mechanism. Thus far, we have proved that identified curved surface shapes or edge angles can be modified by displacing the visual representation of the user's hand. However, using this method, we cannot emulate multifinger touch, because of spatial unconformity. To solve this problem, we focus on modifying the identification of shapes using two fingers by deforming the visual representation of the user's hand. We devised a video see-through system that enables us to change the perceived shape of an object that a user is touching visually. The visual representation of the user's hand is deformed as if the user were handling a visual object; however, the user is actually handling an object of a different shape. Using this system, we conducted two experiments to investigate the effects of visuo-haptic interaction and evaluate its effectiveness. One is an investigation on the modification of size perception to confirm that the fingers did not stroke the shape but only touched it statically. The other is an investigation on the modification of shape perception for confirming that the fingers dynamically stroked the surface of the shape. The results of these experiments show that the perceived sizes of objects handled using a thumb and other finger(s) could be modified if the difference between the size of physical and visual stimuli was in the −40% to 35% range. In addition, we found that the algorithm can create an effect of shape perception modification when users stroke the shape with multiple fingers.

A Direct Rotatability Criterion for Spherical Four-Bar Linkages

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Gupta ◽  
R. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

The necessary and sufficient conditions for the full input rotatability in a spherical four-bar linkage are proved. The direct criterion is: for all twist angles α in the range [0, π], the excess (deficit) of the sum of the frame and input twist angles over (from) π should, in absolute value, be greater than that for the coupler and follower twist angles; the difference between the follower and input twist angles, in absolute value, should be greater than that for the coupler and follower twist angles. Application of the direct criterion to full rotatability of other links are discussed and some variations in the form of the criterion are developed.

A Direct Rotatability Criterion for Spherical Four-Bar Linkages

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ma ◽  
K. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

Abstract The necessary and sufficient conditions for the full input rotatability in a spherical four bar linkage are proved. The direct criterion is: for all twist angles α in the range [0, π], the excess (deficit) of the sum of the frame and input twist angles over (from) π should, in absolute value, be greater than that for the coupler and follower twist angles; the difference between the follower and input twist angles, in absolute value, should be greater than that for the coupler and follower twist angles. Application of the direct criterion to full rotatability of other links are discussed and some variations in the form of the criterion are developed.

scholarly journals Two-Vertex Generators of Jacobians of Graphs

10.37236/7302 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brandfonbrener ◽  
Pat Devlin ◽  
Netanel Friedenberg ◽  
Yuxuan Ke ◽  
Steffen Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Random Graphs ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the Jacobian of a graph is generated by a divisor that is the difference of two vertices. This answers a question posed by Becker and Glass and allows us to prove various other propositions about the order of divisors that are the difference of two vertices. We conclude with some conjectures about these divisors on random graphs and support them with empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Existence of a Period-Two Solution in Linearizable Difference Equations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. J. Janowski ◽  
M. R. S. Kulenović
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Difference Equations ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Minimal Period ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Existence And Nonexistence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Consider the difference equationxn+1=f(xn,…,xn−k),n=0,1,…,wherek∈{1,2,…}and the initial conditions are real numbers. We investigate the existence and nonexistence of the minimal period-two solution of this equation when it can be rewritten as the nonautonomous linear equationxn+l=∑i=1−lkgixn−i,n=0,1,…,wherel,k∈{1,2,…}and the functionsgi:ℝk+l→ℝ. We give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the equation to have a minimal period-two solution whenl=1.

scholarly journals Approximate versions of Melamed's theorem

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Barbour ◽  
Timothy C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Order Of Approximation ◽  
Equilibrium Flow ◽  
Tandem Queues ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Correct Order ◽  
Approximation Theorems ◽  
Variation Distance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

In 1979, Melamed proved that, in an open migration process, the absence of ‘loops' is necessary and sufficient for the equilibrium flow along a link to be a Poisson process. In this paper, we prove approximation theorems with the same flavour: the difference between the equilibrium flow along a link and a Poisson process with the same rate is bounded in terms of expected numbers of loops. The proofs are based on Stein's method, as adapted for bounds on the distance of the distribution of a point process from a Poisson process in Barbour and Brown (1992b). Three different distances are considered, and illustrated with an example consisting of a system of tandem queues with feedback. The upper bound on the total variation distance of the process grows linearly with time, and a lower bound shows that this can be the correct order of approximation.

ON THE COHEN–MACAULAYNESS OF SOME GRADED RINGS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
D. P. PATIL ◽  
G. TAMONE
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Semigroup ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Local Rings ◽  
Graded Rings ◽  
Semigroup Rings ◽  
Associated Graded Ring ◽  
Blowing Up ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Numerical Semigroup Rings

Let (R,𝔪) be a 1-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay local ring of multiplicity e and embedding dimension ν ≥ 2. Let B denote the blowing-up of R along 𝔪 and let I be the conductor of R in B. Let x ∈ 𝔪 be a superficial element in 𝔪 of degree 1 and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We assume that the length [Formula: see text]. This class of local rings contains the class of 1-dimensional Gorenstein local rings (see 1.5). In Sec. 1, we prove that (see 1.6) if the associated graded ring G = gr 𝔪(R) is Cohen–Macaulay, then I ⊆ 𝔪s + xR, where s is the degree of the h-polynomial h R of R. In Sec. 2, we give necessary and sufficient conditions (see Corollaries 2.4, 2.5, 2.9 and Theorem 2.11) for the Cohen–Macaulayness of G. These conditions are numerical conditions on the h-polynomial h R, particularly on its coefficients and the degree in comparison with the difference e - ν. In Sec. 3, we give some conditions (see Propositions 3.2, 3.3 and Corollary 3.4) for the Gorensteinness of G. In Sec. 4, we give a characterization (see Proposition 4.3) of numerical semigroup rings which satisfy the condition [Formula: see text].

Logotype as a part of brand visual identity

2014 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Aina Strode ◽  
Inga Stikute
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Logo Design ◽  
Visual Identity ◽  
Over Time

Aim of the article – to analyse the nature of corporate style and the development of logo, to take a qualitative research (case studies), evaluating specificities of the universities’ logo design in Latvia. This article studies and explains interrelated concepts of logo and corporate style. The analysis of Latvian universities logo shows the original unity of logo and national emblem which moving away over time. Logos of Latvian universities are characterized by a combination of symbols and fonts, visible in both location and the specialization and symbols of knowledge and growth. The logo design indicates trend towards minimalism that is successful, recognizable brand feature.

scholarly journals Application of a Theorem in Stochastic Models of Elections

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Schofield ◽  
Christopher Claassen ◽  
Ugur Ozdemir ◽  
Alexei Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Sufficient Conditions For Convergence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Centripetal Effect ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Previous empirical research has developed stochastic electoral models for Israel, Turkey, and other polities. The work suggests thatconvergence to an electoral center(often predicted by electoral models) is a nongeneric phenomenon. In an attempt to explain nonconvergence, a formal model based onintrinsic valenceis presented. This theory showed that there are necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence. The necessary condition is that a convergence coefficientcis bounded above by the dimensionwof the policy space, while a sufficient condition is that the coefficient is bounded above by 1. This coefficient is defined in terms of the difference in exogenous valences, the “spatial coefficient”, and the electoral variance. The theoretical model is then applied to empirical analyses of elections in the United States and Britain. These empirical models include sociodemographic valence and electoral perceptions of character trait. It is shown that the model implies convergence to positions close to the electoral origin. To explain party divergence, the model is then extended to incorporate activist valences. This extension gives a first-orderbalance conditionthat allows the party to calculate the optimal marginal condition to maximize vote share. We argue that the equilibrium positions of presidential candidates in US elections and by party leaders in British elections are principally due to the influence of activists, rather than the centripetal effect of the electorate.

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