Application loader in the RW. Ring platform

When developing decision support systems in agriculture, the task often arises of creating applications that include a large number of different components. These components can have dependencies on each other, so you need to load them in the correct order. This boils down to solving the classic topological sorting problem. However, in addition to the purely algorithmic part, the loader must correctly interact with the environment, which poses a large number of other technology-specific tasks for its developer. These are the tasks of obtaining and storing information about dependencies, ensuring that components are loaded in the user interface thread where necessary, as well as ensuring the most responsive program behavior so that loading an application does not annoy the user, as well as ensuring the extensibility of the decision support system without recompiling. This work is devoted to the description of the solution of these problems in the RW.Ring platform based on the .NET technological stack and intended for the development of such software systems.

Judging the judges: evaluating the accuracy and national bias of international gymnastics judges

We design, describe and implement a statistical engine to analyze the performance of gymnastics judges with three objectives: (1) provide constructive feedback to judges, executive committees and national federations; (2) assign the best judges to the most important competitions; (3) detect bias and persistent misjudging. Judging a gymnastics routine is a random process, and we model this process using heteroscedastic random variables. The developed marking score scales the difference between the mark of a judge and the true performance level of a gymnast as a function of the intrinsic judging error variability estimated from historical data for each apparatus. This dependence between judging variability and performance quality has never been properly studied. We leverage the intrinsic judging error variability and the marking score to detect outlier marks and study the national bias of judges favoring athletes of the same nationality. We also study ranking scores assessing to what extent judges rate gymnasts in the correct order. Our main observation is that there are significant differences between the best and worst judges, both in terms of accuracy and national bias. The insights from this work have led to recommendations and rule changes at the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.

Non-Gaussian fluctuations of randomly trapped random walks

In this paper we consider the one-dimensional, biased, randomly trapped random walk with infinite-variance trapping times. We prove sufficient conditions for the suitably scaled walk to converge to a transformation of a stable Lévy process. As our main motivation, we apply subsequential versions of our results to biased walks on subcritical Galton–Watson trees conditioned to survive. This confirms the correct order of the fluctuations of the walk around its speed for values of the bias that yield a non-Gaussian regime.

Reasoning about effect interaction by fusion

Effect handlers can be composed by applying them sequentially, each handling some operations and leaving other operations uninterpreted in the syntax tree. However, the semantics of composed handlers can be subtle---it is well known that different orders of composing handlers can lead to drastically different semantics. Determining the correct order of composition is a non-trivial task. To alleviate this problem, this paper presents a systematic way of deriving sufficient conditions on handlers for their composite to correctly handle combinations, such as the sum and the tensor, of the effect theories separately handled. These conditions are solely characterised by the clauses for relevant operations of the handlers, and are derived by fusing two handlers into one using a form of fold/build fusion and continuation-passing style transformation. As case studies, the technique is applied to commutative and distributive interaction of handlers to obtain a series of results about the interaction of common handlers: (a) equations respected by each handler are preserved after handler composition; (b) handling mutable state before any handler gives rise to a semantics in which state operations are commutative with any operations from the latter handler; (c) handling the writer effect and mutable state in either order gives rise to a correct handler of the commutative combination of these two theories.

Correction

The authors wish to make the correction of the paper of Sarsekova et al. (2020). In the original paper, there was a mistake in the order of the first and the second name of the author Talghat Abbzhabnov. The correct order is Talghat Abbzhabnov.The original paper published on 11 May 2020 has been updated and both versions will be available on the paper webpage. The authors emphasize that this change does not affect the results of this research, and they apologize for any inconvenience this change may cause.

Junior Medical Officers’ Knowledge of Advance Care Planning and Substitute Decision Making For People With Dementia: A Cross Sectional Survey

Background For the benefits of advance care planning (ACP) to be realised during a hospital admission, the treating team must have accurate knowledge of the law pertaining to ACP. Aims To determine in a sample of Junior Medical Officers (JMOs): (1) knowledge of the correct order to approach people as substitute decision makers if a patient does not have capacity to consent to treatment; (2) knowledge of the legal validity of advance care directives (ACDs) when making healthcare decisions for persons with dementia, including the characteristics associated with higher knowledge; and (3) barriers to enacting ACDs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at five public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Interns, residents, registrars, and trainees on clinical rotation during the recruitment period were eligible to participate. Consenting participants completed an anonymous pen-and-paper survey. Results A total of 118 JMOs completed a survey (36% return rate). Fifty-five percent of participants were female and 56.8% were aged 20–29 years. Seventy-five percent of JMOs correctly identified a Guardian as the first person to approach if a patient did not have decision-making capacity, and 74% correctly identified a person’s spouse or partner as the next person to approach. Only 16.5% identified all four persons in the correct order, and 13.5% did not identify any in the correct order. The mean number of correct responses to the questions assessing knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs was 2.6 (SD = 1.1) out of a possible score of 6. Only 28 participants (23.7%) correctly answered four or more knowledge statements correctly. None of the explored variables were significantly associated with higher knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs. Uncertainty about the currency of ACDs and uncertainty about the legal implications of relying on an ACD when a patient’s family or substitute decision maker disagree with it were the main barriers to enacting ACDs. Conclusion JMOs knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs for persons with dementia without capacity and the substitute decision-making hierarchy is limited. There is a clear need for targeted education and training to improve knowledge in this area for this cohort.

A specific set of heterogeneous native interactions yields efficient knotting in protein folding

Native interactions are crucial for folding, and non-native interactions appear to be critical for efficiently knotting proteins. Therefore, it is important to understand both their roles in the folding of knotted proteins. It has been proposed that non-native interactions drive the correct order of contact formation, which is essential to avoid backtracking and efficiently self-tie. In this study we ask if non-native interactions are strictly necessary to tangle a protein, or if the correct order of contact formation can be assured by a specific set of native, but otherwise heterogeneous, interactions. In order to address this problem we conducted extensive Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models of proteinlike sequences designed to fold into a pre-selected knotted conformation embedding a trefoil knot. We were able to identify a specific set of heterogeneous native interactions that drives efficient knotting, and is able to fold the protein when combined with the remaining native interactions modeled as homogeneous. This specific set of heterogeneous native interactions is strictly enough to efficiently self-tie. A distinctive feature of these native interactions is that they do not backtrack, because their energies ensure the correct order of contact formation. Furthermore, they stabilize a knotted intermediate state, which is en-route to the native structure. Our results thus show that - at least in the context of the adopted model - non-native interactions are not necessary to knot a protein. However, when they are taken into account into protein energetics it is possible to find specific, non-local non-native interactions that operate as a scaffold that assists the knotting step.

Erratum to:

The article metadata for Brochu, K. J. ., Jensen, A. J., Robinson, R. M. M. ., Bryant, T. R., Desjardins, D. R., & Bent, L. (2021). Redefining Roles: Female Scholars’ Reflections and Recommendations for Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 6(2), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2021.170 listed the authors with an incorrect order and contained an incomplete affiliation of author Lauren G. Bent. The PDF of the article is correct. This error occurred during the journal editing phase. The correct order of the authors is Kelly J. Brochu, Trina R. Bryan, Amanda J. Jensen, Danielle R. Desjardins, Regina M.M. Robinson, Lauren G. Bent. The affiliation for Lauren G. Bent is Regis College Department of Education.

Erratum to: Holographic scalar and vector exchange in OTOCs and pole-skipping phenomena

The original article has been corrected. Because of an error in the production stage, in the original paper the order of the authors was wrong. The correct order for the authors is: Kyung-Sun Lee, Mitsuhiro Nishida and Keun-Young Kim. The originally published wrong file has been replaced online.

The Conceptual Development of The Role of Grammar in Writing

Recognizing what the selected words mean and how to integrate these words together to compose significant sentences in many different ways are related to the role of grammar. Grammar, on one hand, is regarded as an essential aspect in writing any text since it provides information that assists the reader's understanding. The correct order of words actually gives wider sense of any proposed languagtical rules, no matter what, the sum of all the words in these languages have their own specialis grammar. From across the grammar, writing plays an important role in developing and strengthening learning process of the language. Therefore, this paper is an endeavor to display the grammar`s role as an influential factor in improving students` writing that is going to be tackled and discussed. Keywords: Language, Grammatical Construction, Communication Processes, Grammatical Errors.