Teaching Source Criticism and Independent Investigation in HSTM

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
James Sumner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Source Criticism ◽  
Independent Investigation

An Introduction to the Kitab-i-Iqan

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Nasser Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Independent Investigation

This article discusses the importance, style, and contents of the Kitáb-i-Íqán (the Book of Certitude) by Bahá’u’lláh. The five major themes of the book—the True Seeker and the Conditions and Constraints of an Independent Investigation of Truth; Rebirth of Spirituality; Subjects Related to Christianity and Islam; the Bábí Dispensation; and the Process of Revelation—are then succinctly yet perceptively summarized.

Literary Sources of the Gospel and Letters of John

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Labahn
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Final Text ◽  
Written Sources

This chapter investigates the suspicion among New Testament scholars that the author (or the authors) of the Gospel (and Epistles) of John used already written sources which he himself (or they themselves) did not write. Various models of Johannine source criticism are sketched on the basis of selected examples. The chapter delineates the weaknesses and strengths of the source-critical approach on its own terms and to draw conclusions from them for future work. The critical evaluation shows above all that the issue of the literary and non-literary (oral) pre-history of the Johannine writings (‘diachronic’ investigation of the texts) remains an important consideration in Johannes research. Nevertheless, this approach has in the future to take into account more prominently than before the final text and its design (‘synchronic’ investigation of the texts).

C.A. Willis and the “Cult of Deng: “A Falsification of the Ethnographic Record

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Source Criticism

The ethnographic record of Africa, on which anthropologists and historicans rely, is drawn from accounts of widely varying quality written by observers of varying ability. It is frequently distorted, and while we often suspect distortion in specific accounts, we are not always able to pinpoint how that distortion occurred or on what sources it was based. For this reason any use of the ethnographic record must include some form of source criticism if the modern researcher is to have any hope of assessing the quality of the ethnography, or even of discovering just what the record records.“We knew that truth is to be had,” wrote Collingwood, “not by swallowing what our authorities tell us, but by criticizing it,” and modern anthropologists apply this principle in their theoretical reassessments of the classic ethnographies of their predecessors. Many reinterpretations of the works of such anthropologists as Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard have drawn on other sources in the ethnographic record to make their criticisms. But in general anthropologists have found it easier to confine themselves to examining intellectual influences on scholarly works by tracing the genealogy of academic theories, than to investigate what shaped the thoughts and observations of non-academics. The works of soldiers and administrators, for instance, have not always been analyzed as rigorously as the works they are used to criticize. An essential element of source criticism is therefore often missing.

scholarly journals Shamanistic and postshamanistic terminologies in Saami (Lappish)

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Håkan Rydving
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
General View ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Different Parts

The study of the lexicon of a language, of special semantic fields, changes in the meaning of words and comparisons between the lexicon or parts of it in different dialects can provide valuable complements to other types of sources. This is nothing new, and the study of Saami cultural history is in this respect no exception. A number of papers have thus dealt with different parts of the Saami lexicon, central for the understanding of various aspects of Saami culture. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a problem of source criticism that faces the student of Saami shamanism and is caused by the changes of meaning which words used in the shamanistic context underwent in the period of religious change, i.e. the 17th, 18th and (to some extent) 19th centuries. These changes of meaning render our possibilities of understanding the shamanistic aspects of the pre-Christian Saami religion more difficult as they make it hazardous to draw conclusions about shamanism from what we know about the use and meaning of these words in the later terminologies of magic. The sources from the 17th and 18th centuries derive almost exclusively from persons whose mission in life was to replace the Saami religious rites and conceptions with new ones. A special problem with the shamanistic terminology in Saami has to do with the negative connotations by which even the earliest sources are marked. For example, the Saami words have been translated with 'conjure', `enchantemein', 'sorcerer', 'sorcery', 'witchcraft', 'wizard' etc., a tendency that has coloured the general view of the noaidi.

scholarly journals SYSTEM PERTAHANAN KAUM SANTRI DI ERA “GANYANG SANTRI” : CANGAAN – JENISARI NJALEN 1995

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitrian Munawir ◽  
agus mursidi ◽  
(Prosiding Seminar Nasional FKIP Univeristas PGRI Banyuwangi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Source Criticism

The Tragedy of Cemethuk at October 18th 1965 raises a question, “Why do the communists of Karangasem could slaughter Pemuda Ansor of Muncar, but they couldn’t touch the santris of Canga’aan?”. Because, geographicly, the distance between Karangasem and Muncar is about 30 km. Whereas, the distance between Karangasem and Canga’an is only 4 km. This research aims to find out the kind of defense system which used by the santris of Canga’an, so that they could saved from the anarchism that the communists of Karangasem made.This research used Historical Research Method. Which are Heuristic, Source Criticism, Interpretation, Hypothesis, and Historiography. With this method, it can be known that the santris of Canga’an didn’t use phisycal defense system. But instead, they only relying on dzikir and obey what kiyai said, not to join the movement of PKI’s members and sympathizers extermination, after G-30S/PKI affair in Jakarta.

scholarly journals The Health Service Ombudsman

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
R.A. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Local Management ◽  
Independent Investigation ◽  
Care And Treatment

“We have no credibility”. That was the response of a woman with a mental illness who put a complaint to the Health Service Ombudsman. Unlike many – not just patients but also a significant number of NHS staff – she had heard that the Ombudsman could carry out a completely independent investigation of complaints although she was not clear about the extent of his jurisdiction. Some people feel intimidated when trying to take on what they see as a powerful and defensive NHS and others experience a sense of despair that because of their illness their concerns have no validity. Those providing care and treatment generally do the best they can to attain high professional standards but delivery does not always match expectations and the outcome can be a complaint. Services for the mentally ill are not immune from shortcomings and, if local management fails to satisfy the complainant, the Ombudsman can step in.

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