scholarly journals Shamanistic and postshamanistic terminologies in Saami (Lappish)

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Håkan Rydving
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
General View ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Different Parts

The study of the lexicon of a language, of special semantic fields, changes in the meaning of words and comparisons between the lexicon or parts of it in different dialects can provide valuable complements to other types of sources. This is nothing new, and the study of Saami cultural history is in this respect no exception. A number of papers have thus dealt with different parts of the Saami lexicon, central for the understanding of various aspects of Saami culture. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a problem of source criticism that faces the student of Saami shamanism and is caused by the changes of meaning which words used in the shamanistic context underwent in the period of religious change, i.e. the 17th, 18th and (to some extent) 19th centuries. These changes of meaning render our possibilities of understanding the shamanistic aspects of the pre-Christian Saami religion more difficult as they make it hazardous to draw conclusions about shamanism from what we know about the use and meaning of these words in the later terminologies of magic. The sources from the 17th and 18th centuries derive almost exclusively from persons whose mission in life was to replace the Saami religious rites and conceptions with new ones. A special problem with the shamanistic terminology in Saami has to do with the negative connotations by which even the earliest sources are marked. For example, the Saami words have been translated with 'conjure', `enchantemein', 'sorcerer', 'sorcery', 'witchcraft', 'wizard' etc., a tendency that has coloured the general view of the noaidi.

Coda: Repositioning Early Modern Prague on the Global Stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Suzanna Ivanič
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The City

The question that sparked this forum was to what extent we can see Prague as an important stage for Renaissance and Reformation exchange and as an internationally connected city. It is striking, though not unexpected, that all the authors have been drawn to some extent to sources and subjects in Rudolfine Prague. It must be stressed, however, that the emphasis of each of these studies is somewhat different to an older field of “Rudolfine studies.” The researchers here do not focus on the emperor's court but use it as context. It is tangential to their main focal points—on Jewish communities, religious change, and the exchange of scientific and musical knowledge—and these are first and foremost historians not of Prague but of social and cultural history, music, art, material culture, and religion. This indicates a marked shift from the historiography. For this generation of scholars, Prague is not only a city that is home to a fascinating and intriguing art historical moment but is also a city of early modern international connections. It provides a unique context for understanding communities, everyday experiences, religion, and culture in early modern Europe—a multilingual, multiconfessional, and multicultural mixing pot whose composition changed dramatically across the early modern period. Rudolf's court was certainly a catalyst for these crossings and encounters, but they did not fade away after his death in 1612, nor were they limited to the confines of the castle above the city.

Women and Religion

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Change ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

This book provides interdisciplinary, global, and multi-religious perspectives on the relationship between women's identities, religion, and social change in the contemporary world. The book discusses the experiences and positions of women, and particular groups of women, to understand patterns of religiosity and religious change. It also addresses the current and future challenges posed by women's changes to religion in different parts of the world and among different religious traditions and practices. The chapters address a diverse range of themes and issues including the attitudes of different religions to gender equality; how women construct their identity through religious activity; whether women have opportunity to influence religious doctrine; and the impact of migration on the religious lives of both women and men.

scholarly journals On the shape and fabric of human history

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1559) ◽  
pp. 3923-3933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Gray ◽  
David Bryant ◽  
Simon J. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human History ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Phylogenetics ◽  
Different Parts

In this paper we outline two debates about the nature of human cultural history. The first focuses on the extent to which human history is tree-like (its shape), and the second on the unity of that history (its fabric). Proponents of cultural phylogenetics are often accused of assuming that human history has been both highly tree-like and consisting of tightly linked lineages. Critics have pointed out obvious exceptions to these assumptions. Instead of a priori dichotomous disputes about the validity of cultural phylogenetics, we suggest that the debate is better conceptualized as involving positions along continuous dimensions. The challenge for empirical research is, therefore, to determine where particular aspects of culture lie on these dimensions. We discuss the ability of current computational methods derived from evolutionary biology to address these questions. These methods are then used to compare the extent to which lexical evolution is tree-like in different parts of the world and to evaluate the coherence of cultural and linguistic lineages.

scholarly journals Evolving Conceptualisations of Internationalism in the UK Parliament: Collocation Analyses from the League to Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Pasi Ihalainen ◽  
Aleksi Sahala
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
General View ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Level Analysis

This chapter explores a historical distant reading strategy of British Parliamentary discourse. It uses historical collocation analyses of ‘internationalism’ and the ‘international’ in the British Hansard Corpus and a selection of Commons and Lords debates concerning British membership in international organisations as it relates to the League of Nations, United Nations, Council of Europe, EEC and Brexit. The collocates that were deemed to be politically significant are grouped in 13 loose semantic fields. This macro-level analysis of long-term trends of discourse is supplemented with an analysis of the said key debates in their historical contexts, including comparisons between the two Houses, and with additional micro-level analyses of contextualised individual speeches in which politicians defined ‘internationalism’ by using the concepts in political action. This provides one general view on the historical evolvement of the discourse on internationalism over the past hundred years.

scholarly journals GENERAL PLANNING OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTION COSTS AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ORE DEPOSITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radule Tošović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
General View ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Definition Of

Material production of mineral raw materials is accompanied by specific costs, the general consideration of which is necessary as part of long-term production planning. A special problem that accompanies the definition of these costs is that their planned consideration must be performed much earlier before the start of the production in question. Already in the phase of geological exploration and finding of the ore deposit, a projection of economic profitability must be made, which should enable the relationship between the market price of mineral raw materials and production costs, because the continuation of exploration depends on such a positive result. A special problem arises in the case when due to the low level of exploration there are not enough elements for cost definition of future production. This paper analyzes the application of the method of economic evaluation of deposits, as a complex system of sets of factors and sets of indicators, which allows direct, or in combination with the method of analogy, general view of the costs of future mineral production.

scholarly journals Religious conversions in forced migration: Comparative cases of Afghans in India and Iranians in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Sebnem Koser Akcapar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Religious Conversions ◽  
Born Again ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Different Parts

This article examines closely the crucial link between religious conversions of two groups of refugees from Islam to Evangelism by taking up the cases of Afghan and Iranian refugees in India and in Turkey, respectively. India hosts many refugees from different parts of the world despite the absence of international protection laws, whereas Turkey is the country hosting the highest number of refugees since 2015, mainly due to the Syrian conflict. In this article, I first analyze the reasons why Afghan and Iranian refugees decide to change religious group membership from different sects of Islam and become members of the “born-again” evangelical Christian groups operating in South Asia and West Asia. By combining forced migration and religious identity issues in two different settings, I suggest that a combination of contextual and institutional factors explain this religious change and help us understand the sociocultural and political impacts of conversions.

scholarly journals Studying Russian Religion Since the Collapse of Communism

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Heather J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
Soviet Russia

This review article surveys the field of the religious history of Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union. Increased accessibility to the archives in the early 1990s coincided with historiographical developments such as the “new cultural history” and the “lived religion” approach to the study of religious cultures, favouring a renewed interest in religious topics. The article argues that the lived religion approach has allowed scholars to rethink the classic question of the relationship between church and state, to demonstrate the significance of religion to the social, intellectual, and political transformations experienced in late imperial and early Soviet Russia, and to reconceptualize Russian Orthodoxy’s relationship with modernization and modernity. This research demonstrates the need to correct the traditional neglect of the Orthodox experience in histories of religion in Europe and in theorizing religious change and secularization in the modern era.

Cultural History through a Semantic Prism: Length Measures in Jewish Culture in the Hellenistic Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arye Olman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mind Set

Abstract Since a semantic field can reflect a specific mind set behind a linguistic situation, it shines light on the ideals of native speakers of the language under study. Here, Semantic fields of length measures in the Hebrew language of the Mishnaic period are investigated and the findings are compared to the facts known from other sources. On the basis of a semantic field analysis of the measuring units existing in Mishnaic Hebrew, it is clear that the social and cultural life of the Jews in the Land of Israel from the second century B.C.E. through the third century C.E. was re-organized and renewed; connections between different parts of the country were strengthened. This dramatic change was the result of pressure from Greek and Persian cultures. This conclusion fits well with historical data.

scholarly journals Collected Essays 1

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Olivelle
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Key Terms

The first volume of Collected Essays brings together research papers of Olivelle published over a period of about ten years. The unifying theme of these studies is the search for historical context and developments hidden within words and texts. Words and the cultural history represented by words that scholars often take for granted as having a continuous and long history are often new and even neologisms and thus provide important clues to cultural and religious innovations. Olivelle's book on the Âúramas, as well as the short pieces included in this volume, such as those on ânanda and dharma, seek to see cultural innovation and historical changes within the changing semantic fields of key terms. Closer examination of numerous Sanskrit terms taken for granted as central to Hinduism, provide similar results. Indian texts have often been studied in the past as disincarnate realities providing information on an ahistorical and unchanging culture. This volume is a small contribution towards correcting that method of textual study.

scholarly journals On Proto-Languages and Archaeological Cultures: pre-history and material culture in the Tukanoan Family

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Chacon
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Cultural Differentiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Amazon ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Different Parts

This work analyzes the cultural history of the Tukanoan family by attempting the reconstruction of 107 words related to the material culture shared by Amazonian peoples, especially in the Northwest Amazon. The analysis of the terminological system of words that can be reconstructed to Proto-Tukanoan, as well as words that can only be reconstructed to intermediate proto-languages or words that cannot be reconstructed at all allows for a set of cultural inferences regarding the historic evolution of Tukanoan family, which is accomplished along a dialogue with the ethnographic and archeological literature of the Northwest Amazon, as well as following in general terms the proposals for linking Historical Linguistics and Archaeology in different parts of the globe. It is concluded that there was a process of cultural differentiation between the two main branches of the Tukanoan family, as the reflex of distinct integration of each branch in different regional subsystems in the Northwest Amazon.

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