scholarly journals Performance of the Forest Vegetation Simulator in Managed White Spruce Plantations Influenced by Eastern Spruce Budworm in Northern Minnesota

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Anthony W. D'Amato ◽  
Michael A. Albers ◽  
Christopher W. Woodall ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Vegetation Simulator ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

scholarly journals Differences in Extrinsic Tree Quality and Value of Fibre Production Following Alternative Vegetation Management Treatments in Northwestern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Homagain ◽  
Chander Shahi ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
F. Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Vegetation Simulator ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Tree Quality

We examined differences in stem quality, and volume and value of fibre produced by planted white spruce 16 years after vegetation management treatments in northwestern Ontario. Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVSOntario) was used to project the total and merchantable volume to age 70 and BUCK-2 was used to optimize the resulting product mix. Projected value was based on 2009 prices for hog fuel, pulpwood and SPF (spruce–pine–fir) eastern green lumber prices. At 16 years posttreatment, gross total volumes in herbicide-treated and mechanically cut plots were significantly higher (120%–165% and 94%–98%, respectively) than that in control plots (14.73 m3 ha-1). Based on height, diameter, and taper criteria, observed tree quality did not differ among treatments. The projected value of the fibre produced was 36% to 53% higher in herbicide- treated plots and 24% to 37% higher in mechanically cut plots than in control plots ($18 486.76 per ha).

Growth and Survival of Picea glauca following Thinning of Plantations Affected by Eastern Spruce Budworm

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. D'Amato ◽  
Stacy J. Troumbly ◽  
Michael R. Saunders ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Michael A. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Stand Conditions

Abstract The effects of thinning treatments on growth and survivorship of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations affected by recent eastern spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks were examined over a 5-year period in northern Minnesota. Thinning treatments increased individual tree growth, live crown ratios (LCRs), and survival relative to unthinned stands. Overall, stands affected by SBW had lower rates of volume production than unaffected stands. In addition, individual tree volume growth was greater in thinned SBW-affected stands relative to unthinned SBW-affected stands. Across stand conditions, individual tree postthinning volume growth response was best predicted by the interaction of prethinning LCR and postthinning relative density (RD). In particular, at low stocking levels (RD = 0.20) higher live crown values resulted in the highest volume growth ratios. On the other hand, at higher stocking levels (RD 0.40–0.55) volume growth was fairly consistent, regardless of LCRs. Across all stocking levels, a minimum LCR of 40% appears to ensure high tree and stand growth rates and is also an indicator of a tree's ability to respond positively to thinning. This plasticity of white spruce suggests that stands maintained at these crown target levels can achieve high levels of stand and individual tree productivity as long as appropriate LCRs are maintained.

scholarly journals Modeled diameter growth response to intermediate treatments of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) affected by eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) in Minnesota, U.S.A.

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie R. Patton ◽  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione ◽  
Christopher B. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations have historically been an important source of high-quality forest products in the Great Lakes Region of North America. Thinning in spruce plantations is a common silvicultural practice for reducing competition and promoting resiliency to forest health threats such as eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens), a native forest pest of eastern North America. Spruce budworm larvae feed on the foliage of trees, which reduces growth and potentially causes mortality during an outbreak. There has been continual spruce budworm defoliation in northern Minnesota, U.S.A., since the mid-1950s, with higher levels of defoliation in the late 1990s. This research modeled the diameter growth response of white spruce 18 years after initial thinning in stands that presently range between 44 and 64 years old. Some stands received a second thinning in recent years. We used generalized nonlinear least squares and nonlinear mixed-effects models to estimate annual diameter growth using common tree and stand metrics. Growth model performance was improved by including thinning and frequency of spruce budworm defoliation as modifiers of diameter growth. Results of this study highlight how thinning in combination with insect disturbance affect diameter growth in white spruce plantations of northern Minnesota.

An endophytic fungus interacts with crown level and larval density to reduce the survival of eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on white spruce (Picea glauca)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Leah Flaherty ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Andrew McCartney ◽  
J. David Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Total Survival ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

A two-year field study was carried out to determine whether inoculating white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, with a native endophytic fungus, Phialocephala scopiformis DAOM 229536 Kowalski & Kehr (Helotiales, Ascomycota), decreased the performance of eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, developing on these trees. Second instars were reared at three densities in the mid crown and at one density in the lower, mid, and upper crown. Larval survival (i.e., survival of larvae to pupation) was lower on endophyte-inoculated trees than on control trees in the mid crown and especially the upper crown but was similar in the lower crown, resulting in a significant interaction between endophyte and crown level. A similar but marginally insignificant interaction was observed for overall survival up to adult emergence (i.e., total survival). Larval survival and total survival were approximately 22% and 19% lower, respectively, when developing in the upper crown of endophyte-inoculated trees than in control trees. Larval survival remained relatively constant, with increased density on control trees but decreased with density on endophyte-inoculated trees, resulting in a significant interaction between endophyte and larval density. Sex ratios of emerged adults and wing lengths of emerged females were not influenced by the endophyte. Our results suggest that endophytic fungi could be useful additions to integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals A Foliar Endophyte of White Spruce Reduces Survival of the Eastern Spruce Budworm and Tree Defoliation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Andrew McCartney ◽  
Sara Edwards ◽  
J. David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

Wild eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) were reared on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees, half of which had been previously inoculated with a native endophytic fungus, Phialocephala scopiformis DAOM 229536 Kowalski and Kehr (Helotiales, Ascomycota). Survival up to pupation and up to adult emergence was approximately 27% higher for budworm juveniles that developed on control trees compared to trees inoculated with the endophyte. The endophyte did not influence the size or sex of survivors but did reduce defoliation by approximately 30%. Reductions in defoliation on endophyte-inoculated versus control trees, due to reductions in survival of juvenile budworms, suggests that tree inoculations with P. scopiformis could play an important role in integrated management programs against the eastern spruce budworm.

scholarly journals Influence of a Foliar Endophyte and Budburst Phenology on Survival of Wild and Laboratory-Reared Eastern Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana on White Spruce (Picea glauca)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Leah Flaherty ◽  
Andrew McCartney ◽  
J. David Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Colony

A manipulative field study was carried out to determine whether the foliar endophyte fungus, Phialocephala scopiformis DAOM 229536, decreased the performance of eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana larvae developing on white spruce trees. Overwintered second-instar budworm larvae from a laboratory colony or from a wild population were placed on endophyte positive or negative trees one or two weeks before budburst. The presence of the endophyte in the needles reduced the survival of C. fumiferana from both a wild population and a laboratory colony. Survival for budworm juveniles up to pupation and to adult emergence was 13% and 17% lower, respectively, on endophyte positive trees. The endophyte did not influence the size or sex of survivors and budworm survival was not influenced by any two- or three-way interactions. Budworm survival was higher for wild than for laboratory-reared budworm and for budworm placed on trees a week before budburst. This may be the first field study to demonstrate the efficacy of an endophytic fungus against wild individuals of a major forest insect pest. The efficacy of the endophyte at low larval densities suggests that it could be a useful tactic to limit spruce budworm population growth in the context of an early intervention strategy.

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