Modern groundwater exploration: discovering new water resources in consolidated rocks using innovative hydrogeologic concepts, exploration, drilling, aquifer testing, and management methods

Prolonged drought and improper maintenance of water resources increased the demands on ground-water supplies resulting are focuses for the need to evaluate ground-water resources in the hard rock terrain. In recent years, Remote-Sensing methods have been increasingly recognized as a means of obtaining crucial geo-scientific data for both regional and site-specific investigations. This work aims to develop and apply integrated methods combining the information obtained by geo-hydrological field mapping and those obtained by analyzing multi-source remotely sensed data in a GIS environment for better understanding the Groundwater condition in hard rock terrain. In this study, digitally enhanced Landsat ETM+ data was used to extract information on geology, geomorphology. Hill-Shading techniques are applied to SRTM DEM data to enhance terrain perspective views and to extract Geomorphological features and morphologically defined structures through the means of lineament analysis. A combination of Spectral information from Landsat ETM+ data plus spatial information from SRTM-DEM data is used to address the groundwater potential of alluvium, colluvium and fractured crystalline rocks in study area. The spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones shows regional patterns related to lithologies, lineaments, drainage systems and landforms. High yielding wells and springs are often related to large lineaments and corresponding structural features such as dykes. The results demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing, GIS, traditional fieldwork and models provide a powerful tool in the assessment and management of water resources and development of groundwater exploration plans.

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Lateral Constrained Inversion of DC-Resistivity Data Observed at the Area North of Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt for Groundwater Exploration

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11060248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Genedi ◽

Hosni Ghazala ◽

Adel Mohamed ◽

Usama Massoud ◽

Bülent Tezkan

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Earth Resistivity ◽

Groundwater Aquifer ◽

Pleistocene Aquifer ◽

Additional Water ◽

Area North

In the arid climate area north of Tenth of Ramadan City, southeast of the Nile Delta, Egypt, it is necessary to search for additional water resources for sustainable developments such as agricultural and industrial activities. Thirty two vertical electrical soundings (VES) of a electrical resistivity (DC) survey were carried out along four main profiles by using the Schlumberger array with electrode distances (AB/2) up to 500 m, to explore the shallow Pleistocene groundwater aquifer. The collected data was interpreted by a one-dimensional laterally constrained inversion (1D-LCI) and two-dimensional inversion algorithms to derive a best fit layered-earth resistivity model. The derived resistivity sections are geologically well interpreted based on information taken from the available water boreholes (P2-Well and P3-Well). The lateral constraints are part of the inversion where all data sets are inverted simultaneously, and consequently the output models are balanced between the constraints and the data-model fit. The 1D-LCI offers good analysis of the model parameters, which was successfully used to characterize a zone of groundwater aquifer, as it produces a laterally smooth model with sharp layer boundaries. The 1D-LCI inversion results show that the study area is subdivided into five geo-electrical layers of varied resistivity and thickness. In particular, the resistivity values of the last layer range between 9.3 and 110 Ωm representing the existing shallow Pleistocene aquifer located at depths between 134.5 and 118.4 m. Such results are tied and confirmed well with the results of the 2D inversion of the DC data. It reveals three interpreted geo-electric layers along the four profiles and shows that the area is affected by some normal faults striking nearly in the E–W direction. The very low resistivities of the groundwater aquifer beneath the agricultural part of the survey area probably indicates contamination due to the possible effect of irrigation operated in the cultivated lowlands. The results obtained could help the stakeholder to find additional information about the ground water aquifers in the newly reclaimed arid area and possible locations of new sites for drilling new water wells as additional water resources.

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Use of earth observation images and GIS techniques for groundwater exploration in hard rock terrain

Journal of Geography and Cartography ◽

10.24294/jgc.v4i2.904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

P. MOHANA ◽

S. Muthusamy

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Resources ◽

Ground Water ◽

Hard Rock ◽

Groundwater Potential ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Srtm Dem ◽

Regional Patterns ◽

Hard Rock Terrain

Prolonged drought and improper maintenance of water resources increased the demands on ground-water supplies resulting are focuses for the need to evaluate ground-water resources in the hard rock terrain. In recent years, Remote-Sensing methods have been increasingly recognized as a means of obtaining crucial geo-scientific data for both regional and site-specific investigations. This work aims to develop and apply integrated methods combining the information obtained by geo-hydrological field mapping and those obtained by analyzing multi-source remotely sensed data in a GIS environment for better understanding the Groundwater condition in hard rock terrain. In this study, digitally enhanced Landsat ETM+ data was used to extract information on geology, geomorphology. Hill-Shading techniques are applied to SRTM DEM data to enhance terrain perspective views and to extract Geomorphological features and morphologically defined structures through the means of lineament analysis. A combination of Spectral information from Landsat ETM+ data plus spatial information from SRTM-DEM data is used to address the groundwater potential of alluvium, colluvium and fractured crystalline rocks in study area. The spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones shows regional patterns related to lithologies, lineaments, drainage systems and landforms. High yielding wells and springs are often related to large lineaments and corresponding structural features such as dykes. The results demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing, GIS, traditional fieldwork and models provide a powerful tool in the assessment and management of water resources and development of groundwater exploration plans.

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Geophysical methods help to assess potential groundwater extraction sites

Grundwasser ◽

10.1007/s00767-021-00495-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helga Wiederhold ◽

Anders Juhl Kallesøe ◽

Reinhard Kirsch ◽

Rebekka Mecking ◽

Renate Pechnig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Channel Structure ◽

S Waves ◽

Subsurface Structures ◽

Imaging Characteristics ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Exploration Drilling ◽

Local Water

AbstractComplex geology in glacial terrain makes groundwater exploration challenging for water supply companies. Abrupt lateral changes of geological conditions, for example, raise the risk of unsuccessful exploration drilling. At some locations, local water supply companies experience a large number of dry wells, raising the need for better exploration approaches. The use of geophysical techniques enables the detection and characterization of subsurface structures in terms of aquifers and aquitards.We present two examples in which seismic and resistivity methods are combined for subsurface characterization. A thrust structure is detected in the Varde study area in Denmark and a channel structure is mapped in the Hamburg-Sülldorf study area in Germany. The different imaging characteristics of seismic P‑ and S‑waves are demonstrated. The combination of seismic and resistivity methods enables delineating groundwater-bearing and groundwater-barrier layers down to a depth of 150 m.

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PROSPECTS OF WATER SUPPLY WITH FRESH GROUNDWATER UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT CONDITIONS

GEOLINKS Conference proceedings, Book 1 Volume 2 ◽

10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/29 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Аray Yermenbay ◽

Lyudmila Shagarova ◽

Мalis Absametov ◽

Sergey Osipov

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Supply ◽

Anthropogenic Impact ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Research Area ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Fresh Groundwater ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

Ash Disposal

The role of water resources at the present stage of human development becomes more and more significant every year and, actually, just the availability of water resources of required quality limits the further production force growth, city enlargement and the improvement of living standards and industry and agriculture development. The water supply deficit reduction and the water supply level increase are some of the priority national objectives, which are also related to the international obligations of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The prospects for fresh groundwater supply under anthropogenic impact conditions are given in the article for the water-stressed region as exemplified by Nur-Sultan city. Currently, the centralized water supply of Nur-Sultan city is provided by supplying water from the Vyacheslav Water Reservoir on the Esil River, which under the existing population size, does not satisfy completely the city’s water demand. The problem of utility and drinking water supply in the capital becomes more acute due to the growth population and its economic activity and, increased impact on natural components and geosystems. As a result of consolidation and analysis of the information on the anthropogenic impact as the most significant factor of change in the groundwater formation conditions, the article shows it's the negative impact on the fresh groundwater resource quantity and quality. It is noted that the main groundwater pollutants in the research area are the sewage ponds, domestic and industrial waste deposits of Nur-Sultan city, as well as the livestock breeding complexes, filtration fields and ash-disposal areas. According to the monitoring results, the areas of groundwater pollution have been identified in the zone of individual deposit influence. Various methods of geophysical and geochemical surveys, as well as the Earth remote sensing methods are used to identify large pollution areolas and prospective areas for groundwater exploration

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Classification the Shahrekord plain to find the suitable sites for artificial recharge using analytic hierarchy processesz

Water and Environmental Sustainability - 2021.1.4 ◽

10.52293/wes.1.2.2332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 23-32

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Water Resources ◽

Artificial Recharge ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Main Step ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Expert Choice ◽

Saturation Thickness

Abstract: During recent years, the shortage of surface water resources is a serious problem facing to the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Hence, the groundwater exploration should be limited for developing the new water resources such as artificial recharge. One of the main step of this process is locating suitable sites for constructing the artificial recharge structure. The objective of this study is determination of effective parameters on artificial recharge structure construction in Shahrekord plain to propose the best sites. The eight parameters affecting the artificial recharge structure construction are including permeability, hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, land slope, nitrate concentration, salinity, saturated and unsaturated thickness of aquifer. For this purpose, ArcGIS10.3 software for the analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) and Expert Choice 11 software for prioritize suggested areas were used. Weight permeability 0.28 was in the first preference, hydraulic conductivity 0.23 in the second preference, saturation thickness of aquifer 0.17 in the third preference. Permeability, hydraulic conductivity and saturation thickness of aquifer are considered as the main parameters with the weight of 0.28, 0.23 and 0.17, respectively. Moreover, the weights of precipitation, land slope, and unsaturated thickness were obtained o.11, 0.08, and 0.06, respectively. The results show that about 0.089 percent of the study area are suitable for artificial recharge structure construction.

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