scholarly journals The Impact of Housing Issue on the Well-being of Middle-Income Group

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadiya Mohamed Baqutayan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Housing Issue ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ukrainian Middle Class in the New Millennium: Trends and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
L. M. CHERENKO
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
The Impact

Ukrainian society has undergone various transformations over the past twenty years. Adverse economic conditions and ineffi cient income distribution policies deterred the for mation of a large middle-income group, which should become the basis of the middle class. Developed countries, which in the last century reached the peak growth of the number and importance of the middle class, today indicate the process of “blurring” of this social group against the background of growing inequality. Against the background of global trends, Ukraine is facing a double blow — the income distribution, which is already shift ed towards low incomes, leaves no chance for positive changes in the social structure of society. Th e a im of the article is to establish trends in the formation of the middle-income group in Ukraine over a twenty-year period and assess the prospects for the formation of the middle class in the future, taking into account today’s Ukrainian realities and global trends. Th e novelty of the work is the analysis of a long series of dynamics to establish the trends of the middleincome group according to the classical approaches for international comparisons and according to the purely Ukrainian approach. In addition, micromodeling of incomes (expenditures) for 2020, taking into account the macroeconomic situation, allows us to assess the impact of the coronavirus crisis and quarantine measures on changes in the number of middle-income groups and the prospects of the middle class in Ukraine. Within the article classical methods of analysis of long series of data, in particular, the index method (basic and chain indices) are used for studying the dynamic changes in the formation of midd leincome groups. In order to assess the size of the middle-income group in 2020, the method of micromodeling is used: the 2020 microdata is modeled on the basis of the 2019 microdata (microfi le of the household living condition survey) and macro forecast data for the current year. Analysis of the dynamics of incomes, expenditures and various property character istics of the middle-income group over the past twenty years does not show positive trends. Quite the contrary, in Ukraine there is an impact of the global trend of “blurring” of the middle-income group as the basis of the middle class, with its specifi c features in consumer and investment behavior. Th e events of the last year also do not inspire optimism — by the end of the year the general decline in living standards and the growth of poverty is expected. In such conditions, the main burden of the crisis is expected to fall on the middle-income group. Th e article also considers the problem of the importance of forming the middle class for society and the feasibility of forming politics to this goal.

scholarly journals The potential role of aid in escaping the middle-income trap

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-441
Author(s):  
Timothy Yaw Acheampong ◽  
Beáta Udvari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecently, the middle-income trap (MIT) has gained considerable attention – besides European countries, several African, Asian, and Latin-American developing countries are also affected. Many countries have remained in the middle-income bracket for decades, whilst only a few have advanced to high-income status. Felipe et al. in 2012 showed that an annual growth rate of at least 3.5 and 4.7% sustained for a period of 14 and 28 years is required respectively for upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries to escape the MIT. Economic growth is influenced by several factors including foreign aid received. Thus, in this study, we aim to answer the question of how aid affects economic growth in middle-income countries and whether aid may contribute to escaping the MIT. Focusing on the countries that have remained in the middle-income group between 1990 and 2017, our analysis confirms that aid contributes to economic growth; however, the impact is positive in the upper-middle-income countries and negative in the lower-middle-income countries. Aid is therefore, likely to be more effective in helping the upper-middle income countries to escape the MIT but not the lower-middle income countries.

Indirect cost of maternal mortality in the WHO African Region, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses M Kirigia ◽  
Germano M Mwabu ◽  
Juliet N Orem ◽  
Rosenabi Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Income Group ◽  
African Region ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate discounted value of potential non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses attributable to the 167,913 maternal deaths that occurred among 45 countries in the WHO African Region in 2013. Design/methodology/approach – A cost-of-illness method was used to estimate non-health GDP losses related to maternal deaths. Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3 per cent. The analysis was undertaken for countries categorized under three income groups. Findings – The discounted value of future non-health GDP loss due to maternal deaths in 2013 is in the order of Int$5.53 billion. About 17.6 per cent of that occurred in countries in the high and upper income group, 45.7 per cent in the middle income group and 36.7 per cent in the lower middle income group, and the average non-health GDP loss per maternal death was Int$136,799, Int$43,304 and Int$19,822, respectively. Research limitations/implications – This study omitted costs related to direct health care, direct non-health care treatment, patient time for treatment, informal caregivers’ time, intangible costs such as pain and grief, lost output due to morbidity, and negative externalities on the family and community. Social implications – The study demonstrated that maternal deaths have a sizable negative effect on non-health GDP of the region, implying that maternal mortality is not only a human rights concern but also an economic issue and that universal coverage of maternal health interventions ought to be an imperative goal in all countries. Originality/value – This paper provides new evidence on the impact of maternal deaths on non-health GDP of 45 countries in the WHO African Region.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF MIDDLE-INCOME GROUP ALONG URBAN CANAL WATERFRONTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.L. Madhushan ◽  
◽  
J. Dharmasena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Canal Network ◽  
The Government

In most of the cases, canal network in Greater Colombo region work as the drainage system of the urban area and as the backyard of the city. Therefore, there is a lack of attention to the canal waterfronts by the government and by the public. Hence, this research was to find out and evaluate the factors, which will affect the quality of life of people along urban canal waterfronts. It has been discussed in terms of liveability through a series of carefully selected indicators. Liveability surveys were conducted along five canal waterfronts and the participants’ perceptions were taken. Every canal waterfront was assigned a rating of over 25 qualitative and quantitative factors (set of indicators) across six broad categories (dimensions): safety, comfort, health and wellbeing, mobility, environment, and socio-cultural factors. Each qualitative factor was given a rating from 1(tolerable)-5(intolerable). Qualitative factors were then combined with quantitative factors through a series of equations to form the liveability index. According to the proposed liveability index, transport dimension index is ideal (100), while the health and well-being dimension is the lowest (27). This will help for the creation of government policies, plans, rules and regulations and when implementing projects along urban canal waterfronts.

Middle Income Group and Debt Fund

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Dr. Shakti Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Group

scholarly journals Psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of older persons in Thailand

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e047650
Author(s):  
Wiraporn Pothisiri ◽  
Paolo Miguel Manalang Vicerra
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 situation in Thailand was controlled with various social measures. Much of the information covered in the media and in studies focused on the public health and economic aspects of the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the psychological well-being of older people, which is important especially in an ageing society categorised as low income or middle income due to the limits of economic and healthcare resources.SettingThe impact of COVID-19 on older persons in Thailand, an online survey, taken across nine provinces within the five regions of the country.ParticipantsInformation was collected from 1230 adults aged at least 60 years old.If an older person was illiterate, unable to access the internet or had a disability preventing them from responding to the survey, an intermediary residing in the community conducted the survey interview.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe analysis focused on the worries of older adults and the factors associated with psychological distress experienced during the pandemic using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe majority of people aged at least 60 years old experienced psychological distress during COVID-19. Employment loss (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.38), inadequate income (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.44) and debt incursion (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.80) were detrimental to psychological well-being. The negative changes in the perception of their health status (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.99) and decreased life satisfaction (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.87) also weighed on older Thais. The protective factors for psychological well-being were residing in rural areas (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.61) and being married (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.01).ConclusionObserving the concerns of the older population is important for introducing policies that can alleviate their precarious financial and health statuses.

scholarly journals Attributes of childhood Cancer among the patients attending specialized hospitals in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Syeda Musleha Ahmed ◽  
Md Ziaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Childhood cancer is an emerging health problem worldwide. It is the second common cause of child death. Epidemiological and clinical attributes of childhood cancer are not properly documented in Bangladesh. This study was designed to reveal the attributes of childhood cancer among the patients attended specialized hospitals in Dhaka city.Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical attributes of childhood cancer.Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 under 18 years old children suffering from cancer, who were included considering specific selection criteria. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: Of all the children, majority (40.4%) was in age group of 6-10 years and their mean (±SD) age was 7.48 (±3.70) years. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1.6 and majority (48.5%) was in middle income group. Major part (42.4%) of the children was from sub-urban followed by 30.3% rural and 27.2% from urban communities. Major types of childhood cancer comprised acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (37.4%), retinoblastoma (14.1%), neuroblastoma (10.1%), and Wilm’stumour (10.1%). Less common cancers included non-Hodgekin’s lymphoma (7.1%), Hodgekin’s lymphoma (5.1%), osteosercoma (5.1%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (4.0%), germ cell tumour (3.0%), acute myeloid leukaemia (3.0%) and Ewing’s tumour (1.0%). Majority (35.1%) of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients were from urban while most (85.7%) of retinoblastoma patients from sub-urban, 50.0% of neuroblastoma cases from rural, and 40.0% of Wilm’s tumour from sub-urban communities, this geographical variation of childhood cancer was statistically significant [?2(33)=56.46, p=0.01]. In poor and middle income group, most of the children (91.8%) were detected in stage II while among the higher income group, most (88.9%) of the cancer were detected in stage-I and this variation was statistically significant [?2(9)=16.77, p=0.05]. Family history was strongly related with childhood cancer [?2(20)=32.81, p=0.04].Conclusion: Cancer was more prevalent among male children with poor socio-economic condition residing in sub-urban communities. The study recommends specific measures to detect childhood cancer and related risk factors at early stage to prevention and control.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.173-178

An Empirical Investigation of the income share of the middle class

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Francesco Farina ◽  
Chiara Assunta Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Directional Relation ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Income Dispersion

The scientific evaluation of the relationship between growth, redistribution, and the income share of the middle class is still in its infancy. This article aims to investigate how the drivers of economic growth impinge on market income distribution and how the middle class has a role in deciding the level of redistribution. Our strategy is to dodge the reverse causality problem, stemming from the bi-directional relation between income distribution and growth, by exploiting the peculiar feature of different indicators of income dispersion focused on the middle income group. The findings reveal that market forces and redistributive policies are both pivotal in shaping the evolution of income dispersion and in particular the income share of the middle class, over the growth process. The ability of redistributive policies to counteract the ongoing increase in income inequality seems to depend not only on the political pressure exerted by an impoverishing median voter but also on the expansion of fiscal revenues after sustained Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth.

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