Does urbanization intensify carbon emissions in Nigeria?

This study examines the urbanization and CO2 emissions nexus in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to analyze the annual time series data spanning from 1974 to 2015. Findings suggest that urbanization, GDP, energy use, and carbon emissions are strongly and positively correlated, while trade and carbon emissions exhibit a weak and negative correlation. The ARDL result shows a negatively significant short-term and long-term connection between urbanization and carbon emission in the Nigerian economy. In the short-term, GDP, trade and energy use positively affect carbon emission while in the long-term, trade and GDP negatively affect carbon emissions with energy use having a positive impact on carbon emissions. The study, therefore, concludes that urbanization does not cause carbon emission to rise in Nigeria, but energy use does. From the findings, it was recommended that there is a need for the use of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology to reduce the amount of carbon emission in the economy.

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PENERAPAN AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG DALAM MEMODELKAN PENGARUH INFLASI, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, DAN FDI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan ◽

10.26418/jebik.v9i3.41332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Jumhur Jumhur

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Foreign Investment ◽

High Speed ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Short Term ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Short And Long Term

This study aims to examine the effect of inflation, economic growth, and foreign investment on unemployment in Indonesia. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis method to analyze the 1991-2018 time series data collected from the World Bank's World Development Indicators database. The results found that inflation has a negative and significant effect in the short term but not significant in the long term in Indonesia. Economic growth has a negative and significant effect on both short and long-term unemployment in Indonesia, and foreign investment has a negative and significant effect on both short and long-term unemployment in Indonesia. Through the ARDL model, this research is able to prove that inflation, economic growth, foreign investment, and budgeting are proven to have long-term cointegration or move together in the long term. The four variables also have a dynamic short-term relationship that has a fairly high speed of adjustment towards equilibrium per year. Based on the results, policymakers, in this case the government must provide a conducive investment environment by eliminating the structural rigidity that exists in the economy to attract investment, both foreign and domestic investment, to encourage economic growth and create jobs in Indonesia.

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Research on the Relationship between Economic Growth, Environmental Governance Investment and Carbon Emission--Based on the Time Series Data from 2000 to 2019

Design Engineering ◽

10.17762/de.vi.1034 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 713-727

Author(s):

Xiaohui Wang, Xin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Relationship

The study on the relationship between investment in environmental governance, carbon emission and economic growth is helpful for the relevant government departments to coordinate the influence among them when formulating the policies of reducing emission and conserving energy, so as to take the comparative advantages of various factors and promote the benign interaction between economic development and environmental governance. In this paper, the data of Per capita GDP, per capita investment in environmental governance and per capita CARBON dioxide emissions in China from 2000 to 2019 are selected as the research basis, and variables are studied by means of Granger causality and impulse response function. As shown in the results, there is a single Granger relationship between investment in environmental governance and carbon emissions, that is, the increase of investment in environmental governance leads to the reduction of carbon emissions. The influence of economic growth on environmental governance investment is small, but in the long term, it can restrain the growth of carbon emissions. Investment in environmental governance can promote economic growth and stimulate a reduction in the emissions in the short term; Economic growth was hindered by the emissions in the long term and fail to stimulate increased investment in environmental governance. Based on these findings, this paper proposes policy Suggestions for optimizing the structure of environmental governance investment, improving the carbon emission monitoring and response mechanism, and strengthening the technological level of energy conservation and emission reduction.

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The Impact of FDI on Economic Development of Pakistan

Journal of Education and Vocational Research ◽

10.22610/jsds.v3i2.686 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Muhammad Tahir Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Series Data ◽

Domestic Investment ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Country Level ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Ultimate Result ◽

The Impact

The foreign direct investment has made its position better as a bundle of benefits during the last three decades at the global level. The ultimate result of its benefits for the recipient countries is often sought in term of economic development. Such results do not appear in the same fashion in all recipient economies and so provide the space to investigate this nexus at country level. This study is an endeavor to examine empirically the impact of FDI on economic development of Pakistan. For this purpose, the time series data covering the period (1971-2009) were used. For data analysis, the bound testing approach to co integration within the framework of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was utilized. The findings of the study supported the hypothesis of positive impact of FDI on economic development of Pakistan. The results also endorsed the views that the FDI is more effective than that of domestic investment.

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MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND RISING FOOD PRICES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

IBT Journal of Business Studies ◽

10.46745/ilma.jbs.2014.10.01.05 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Salman ◽

Keyword(s):

Time Series Data ◽

Food Prices ◽

Series Data ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Ardl Approach ◽

Short Run ◽

Food Commodities

Purpose: This study examines the long and short-run impact of macroeconomic variable on rising food commodities prices. Methodology/Sampling: For this paper mixed method approach is used, quantitative time series data over the period 1991-2013 and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to Co-integration, whereas qualitative data is collected from thematic analysis of many past researches in order to determine the most and least critical consequences of food prices skies by using NVIVO 10 software technique “tree map”. Findings: The result shows energy prices and dollar prices have positive beta coefficients and having statistically significant impact on rising food commodities price index Moreover, the error correction model’s coefficient is with negative sign that suggests its expected significant adjustment toward long-term. Whereas the qualitative results identified different variables have different magnitude of relationship with rising food prices in different situation; Exchange rate, energy prices, money supply are the most critical consequences of rising food items prices. Practical Implications: The study therefore recommends that government should develop and integrated efficient and effective energy and monetary policy with long-term future development outline of controlling food inflation.

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Financial Development, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: The Role of Institutional Quality in Pakistan

Journal of Finance and Accounting Research ◽

10.32350/jfar/0102/02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 24-43

Author(s):

Sidra Munir ◽

Zia Ur Rehman Rao ◽

S Sana

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Financial Development ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Series Data ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Study Results

The study examines the influence of financial development, fiscal policy, and institutional quality on the growth of Pakistan economy. We investigate whether financial development and or fiscal policies promote the economic growth. We also analyse the effect of institutional quality on economic growth of Pakistan. We use time series data from 1985-2016 and use GDP to proxy economic growth. We use unit-root tests to check for stationary of our sample. We perform a logarithmic transformation on the series to reduce outlier effects and use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The results show that financial development and revenue have a positive impact on growth. Our study results implicate that sound, strategic, and result-oriented policies should be formulated to transform our institutions and financial sectors into well organized, powerful, and trusted frameworks. These transformations will ensure efficient and productive utilization of savings.

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The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emission: Evidence from China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12176959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 6959 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingyuan Guo ◽

Yanfang Hu

Keyword(s):

Financial Development ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Distributed Lag Model ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Lag Model ◽

The Impact

This paper studies the impact of financial development on carbon emissions in China from 1997 to 2016. First, this paper uses the entropy method to construct a synthetical index to measure the financial development. Meanwhile, a two-dimensional panel framework is introduced to group provinces in the panel analysis. The estimation results of the time series autoregressive distributed lag model show that for China as a whole, there is a weak carbon emissions reduction effect of financial development, whether it is a long-term effect or a short-term effect. The estimation results of the panel autoregressive distributed lag model also support that an increase in financial development suppresses carbon emissions. Although financial development inhibits carbon emissions both in the short run and in the long run, the absolute value of the long-term coefficient of financial development is significantly greater than that of the short-term coefficient.

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Determinan dan Stabilitas Ekspor Crude Palm Oil Indonesia

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24914/jeb.v20i1.518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Eva Nurul Huda ◽

Arif Widodo

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Series Data ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Ardl Approach ◽

Short And Long Term

We analyze the influence of CPO production, exchange rate, international CPO price and the terms of trade on Indonesian CPO exports in October 2011-December 2015. In doing so, we use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyze the monthly time-series data for the periods of 2011:M10-2015:M12. Our findings suggest that both in the short- and long-term, the international CPO price has a significantly negative impact on Indonesia's CPO exports. Meanwhile, the CPO production and exchange rate have negative and significant effects on Indonesia's CPO exports both in short- and long-term. Taken together, all the independent variables have significant effects on Indonesia’s CPO export. Finally, based on CUSUM and CUSUMQ test, it shows that the long-term coefficient of the CPO exports model is stable. Abstrak Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh dari produksi kelapa sawit, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AS, harga CPO internasional dan Term of Trade terhadap ekspor CPO Indonesia pada periode Oktober 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dengan data sekunder runtut waktu bulanan untuk periode 2011:M10-2015:M12. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga CPO internasional mempunyai efek negatif dan signifikan, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang terhadap ekspor CPO Indonesia. Variable Term of Trade dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang mempunyai efek positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor CPO, sedangkan variabel produksi kelapa sawit dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang. Lebih lanjut, semua variabel independen secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi ekspor CPO di Indonesia, sehingga hipotesis yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara variabel independen dan dependen ditolak. Terakhir, berdasarkan pada uji CUSUM dan CUSUMQ dapat disimpulkan bahwa model ekspor CPO stabil dalam jangka panjang.

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Forecasting short-term carbon emission futures price volatility: information for hedging carbon emission futures risk

Environmental Economics ◽

10.21511/ee.08(4).2017.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 6-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Collins C. Ngwakwe

Keyword(s):

Environmental Economics ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Price Volatility ◽

Series Data ◽

Carbon Markets ◽

Short Term ◽

Futures Price ◽

Short Term Forecasting

This paper aimed to illustrate how short-term carbon futures speculators might use short-term carbon emission futures data to predict and forecast carbon prices. The paper became apposite given ubiquitous research focussing on long-term carbon futures data, which has left out short-term carbon emission futures speculators with information. Therefore, this paper demonstrated that short-term speculators in carbon futures could indeed use short-term time series data on carbon futures to make a reliable prediction and forecasting of carbon emissions futures price volatility within a short term and thus decide on investment opportunity. The sample data results showed that short-term data could produce a dependable in-sample futures prediction since the in-sample prediction fell within the 95% confidence interval. The demonstration also showed that short-term carbon futures data could assist speculators to conduct a reliable short-term out of sample forecast of carbon futures prices within the closer period. The paper offers practical assistance to carbon futures speculators and is equally important for academic studies for business and economic students on discussions and research bordering on carbon emissions, carbon trading, environmental economics and sustainable development. More carbon short-term forecasting is encouraged – such research should compare short-term forecasting of carbon futures amongst different carbon markets.

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Macro-Economic Disequilibrium and Educational Development in Nigeria between 1980-2017

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr.v10i08.730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (08) ◽

pp. 20592-21600

Author(s):

Gbadebo Salako ◽

Adejumo Musibau Ojo ◽

Jaji Ayobami Francis

Keyword(s):

Time Series Data ◽

Educational Development ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Series Data ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Stationarity Test ◽

Level I

This study empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic disequilibrium on educational development in Nigeria. The study employed time series data between 1980 and 2017. Autoregressive Distributed Lag method of estimation was employed. The result revealed that the variables stationarity test were mixed between the first difference I(I) and level I(0). The cointegration result shows that there exist long run relationship between the variables. The result revealed that Balance of payment, Poverty, Debt rate inflation and unemployment exhibited negative relationship with educational development. The estimation result showed that all explanatory variables account for 88% variation of educational development in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should fast track policies that can stabilize inflation and exchange rate in the country. Also, Policies must be formulated to reduce poverty and unemployment.

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Fish Exports and Economic Growth: The Pakistan’s Experience

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150918825422 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 279-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽

Mohammad Haris Siddiqui ◽

Zeeshan Atiq ◽

Usman Azhar

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Impulse Response Function ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Series Data ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

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