scholarly journals Darwinism; an exposition of the theory of natural selection, with some of its applications, by Alfred Russel Wallace.

1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Russel Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace

Evolution: A Very Short Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Charlesworth ◽  
Deborah Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Special Creation

Less than 150 years ago, the view that living species were the result of special creation by God was still dominant. The recognition by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace of the mechanism of evolution by natural selection has completely transformed our understanding of the living world, including our own origins. Evolution: A Very Short Introduction provides a summary of the process of evolution by natural selection, highlighting the wide range of evidence, and explains how natural selection gives rise to adaptations and eventually, over many generations, to new species. It introduces the central concepts of the field of evolutionary biology and discusses some of the remaining questions regarding evolutionary processes.

Henry Walter Bates—his life and contributions to biology

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. O'HARA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Popular Book ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Number Of Publications

Henry Walter Bates was born in Leicester, England, on 8 February 1825. Early in life he developed a keen interest in natural history in general, and in insects in particular. He met and befriended Alfred Russel Wallace, and in 1848 the two embarked on a collecting expedition to the Amazon Valley. They soon parted company and thereafter collected separately in different areas of Amazonia. Bates returned to England 11 years later, in 1859. He was quick to embrace Darwin's and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection, and was one of the first to back the theory with evidence from the natural world. A case in point was Bates's theory of mimicry, which now bears his name. In 1863, his popular book The Naturalist on the River Amazons was published. Bates took the post of Assistant Secretary at the Royal Geographical Society of London in 1864 and continued in that position until his death in 1892. During that period he produced in his spare time a prodigious number of publications in systematic entomology, mostly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Many of his works were accompanied by insightful discussions of zoogeography, thus distinguishing Bates as one of the more remarkable and progressive systematists of his time.

Evolution and Empire: Alfred Russel Wallace and Dutch Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Mark Clement
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
First Time

While Alfred Russel Wallace is sometimes remembered for his sympathy for ‘savages’, it has also been observed that he was closely associated with European colonial regimes during his long stint of fieldwork in Southeast Asia (1854–62). Moreover, it has been argued that as one of the first scientists to extend natural selection to humans following his return to Britain he acquiesced in the extinction of primitive peoples. This article examines in detail for the first time the development of Wallace's admiration for the Dutch Cultivation System, which combined paternalistic administration with a government monopoly over the production of cash crops. While travelling through the archipelago Wallace encountered numerous examples of Indo-Dutch creole culture and he himself made significant lifestyle adaptations to local practices. When he first observed the Cultivation System in the Minahasa region of northern Sulawesi Wallace experienced an epiphany as he witnessed the rapid progress towards ‘civilization’ made by former ‘savages’. This, he attributed to the Dutch system, which he believed to be well adapted to the principles of human mental and moral development. In advocating the Dutch model as a preferable alternative to British free trade and neglect of its civilising mission in India, Australia, and elsewhere, Wallace hoped not only to arrest the decline of primitive societies but also to promote the ultimate uniting of humankind in a single race. In the context of debates over human evolution, slavery, race, and imperial policy in Britain in the 1860s, this was an unusual and radical stance, which challenges simplistic representations of Wallace as a supporter of empire around mid-century who moved towards anti-imperialism in the late Victorian period.

Alfred Russel Wallace, Robert Owen and the theory of natural selection

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRETA JONES
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
The Social ◽  
Considerable Debate

Whereas there has been considerable debate about the social context of Darwin's theory of natural selection, much less focus has been placed upon Alfred Russel Wallace. This article looks at Wallace's socialism and, in particular, the influence upon his thought of the early nineteenth-century socialist Robert Owen. It argues that a case can be made for seeing Wallace's thought about nature and natural selection in the years up to 1858 in the context of Owenism. Three aspects of his thought are singled out for examination. These are, first, Wallace's views on the role of instinct in animal and human behaviour; second, the idea of colonization in human society and in nature; and third, a re-examination of the role of Malthus in Wallace's thought, emphasizing the influence upon him of the early nineteenth-century socialist critique of Malthusianism.

scholarly journals Evolutionary antagonisms and the progress of three categories of traits

BJHS Themes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Nasser Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Thomas Henry Huxley ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descent Of Man ◽  
Ethical Systems

Abstract Darwin in The Descent of Man deliberates over the question of progress in relation to three categories of traits – aesthetic, moral and intellectual – attending to their interplay. The later formulations of Thomas Henry Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace shift and reframe the terms for weighing together progress and the relationship across these traits, downplaying the role of aesthetic assessments. Huxley and Wallace invoke ‘antagonisms’ countering, respectively, ‘ethical progress’ and ‘cosmic process’, ‘humanity – the essentially human emotion’ and ‘physical and even intellectual race-improvement’. Thereafter, evolutionary antagonisms reappear – whether to endorse, dismiss or overcome them – and they remain relevant in evolutionary arguments, whether made explicit or left implicit. Following a thread of ongoing appeals to this interplay of traits and corresponding antagonisms invoking Huxley's 1893 lecture ‘Evolution and ethics’, implicit differences appear in the treatment of aesthetic, moral and intellectual development. These treatments maintain the progress that their own ethical systems represented, even while granting moral variation and conceding independent/alternative notions of the beautiful. They generally took as granted the uniformity of intellectual judgements, where evolutionary progress was both ethical and intellectual/scientific, even when speculating on the development of different types of mind. As characteristic of future-oriented visions of progress by the first decades of the twentieth century, sexual selection was subsumed under natural selection.

scholarly journals Alfred Russel Wallace na Amazônia e a Construção de uma Ideia: seus estudos na distribuição dos animais como uma ferramenta no ensino de biologia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Emerson Barão Rodrigues Soldado ◽  
Jairo José Matozinho Cubas ◽  
Ana Maria Alfonso-Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
School Students ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Keywords History Of Science ◽  
History Of

ResumoAlfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), naturalista inglês conhecido por seus estudos sobre a seleção natural, teve sua primeira expedição na Amazônia. De 1848 a 1852, observou e descreveu fauna, flora, geologia e grupos humanos que ali habitavam e abordou a temática da distribuição dos animais, apontando os limites de alcance das espécies e sua relação com o meio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, a partir de livros e artigos relativos ao período, como essa noção do limite de alcance das espécies foi abordado por Wallace e sua importância para a formulação de conceitos biogeográficos e de seleção natural. Houve ainda a construção e aplicação de uma sequência didática no ensino de biologia. Com o material analisado, apresentou-se para os estudantes um processo de construção de uma ideia, valendo-se de textos originais. A sequência didática iniciou-se com alunos do Ensino Médio, lendo trechos escritos por Wallace, com passagens que descrevem o limite de alcance de espécies amazônicas. Em seguida, tiveram que formular hipóteses sobre tais observações. Posteriormente, houveram aulas sobre o histórico do pensamento evolutivo e conceitos de seleção natural. Na finalização, incentivou-se os estudantes a refletirem sobre o processo de construção de ideias na ciência, de forma contextualizada e participativa. Verificou-se que os estudos de Wallace colaboram de forma relevante para o ensino da evolução e história da ciência, apontando a necessidade de novas abordagens nesse tema.Palavras-chave: História da ciência; Alfred Russel Wallace; Amazônia; distribuição de animais; ensino de biologia. Abstract(Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), an English naturalist known for his studies on natural selection, had his first expedition to the Amazon. From 1848 to 1852, he observed and described fauna, flora, geology and human groups who lived there and addressed the issue of distribution of animals, pointing out the limits of range of the species and its relationship with the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze, from books and articles for the period, as this notion of species range limit was approached by Wallace and its importance for the development of biogeographic concepts and natural selection. There was also the construction and application of a didactic sequence in the teaching of biology. With the material analyzed, was presented to the students a process of constructing an idea, using original texts. The didactic sequence began with high school students, reading excerpts written by Wallace, with passages that describe the limits of the range of Amazonian species. They then had to formulate hypotheses about such observations. Later, there were classes on the history of evolutionary thinking and concepts of natural selection. Upon completion, students were encouraged to reflect on the process of constructing ideas in science in a contextualized and participatory manner. It was verified that the studies of Wallace collaborate in a relevant way for the teaching of the evolution and history of science, pointing out the necessity of new approaches in this subject. Keywords: History of science; Alfred Russel Wallace; Amazônia; distribution of animals; teaching of biology

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