scholarly journals La perspectiva post-cualitativa en la investigación educativa: genealogía, movimientos, posibilidades y tensiones

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2 Jul-Oct) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Fernando Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Beatriz Revelles Benavente

En este artículo se trata de situar una cierta genealogía de algunos de los movimientos que se vinculan en torno a la denominada perspectiva post-cualitativa en investigación. Estos movimientos han ido surgiendo como respuesta a los intentos, desde la década de los años 90 del pasado siglo, de positivizar, disciplinar y objetivar la investigación cualitativa bajo estándares y rúbricas que fijan los caminos a seguir tanto en la formación de investigadores como en la conceptualización y la práctica de la investigación. Esta tendencia, en el caso de Estados Unidos, que es donde está adquiriendo una mayor relevancia, queda reafirmada cuando en 2002 el NationalResearch Council publica un documento en el que se establece cómo ha de ser la investigación científica en educación: replicable, generalizable, empírica y preferentemente experimental. Decisión que forma parte de una gobernabilidad neoli beral que pretende establecer una visión unificada respecto a lo que ha de ser la realidad y el papel que la investigación ha de jugar en este propósito. Este movimiento, que se nutre de diferentes referentesy que se proyecta en varias direcciones cuestiona con argumentos la fundamentación onto-espistemológica-metodológica y ética que rige este intento normativizador, al tiempo que rehúye la explicitación de modos de hacer investigación que predetermine los sentidos abiertos e imprevisibles de todo proceso de indagación y plantea otras maneras de conceptualizar lo que un proceso de investigación puede llegar a ser. This article aims to establish the genealogy of the strands that are linked to the so-called post-qualitative approach in research. These strands have emerged as a response to the attempts, since the 1990s, to positivize and objectify qualitative research by applying to it standards and rubrics which seek to define researcher training and the conceptualization and practice of research. This tendency, in the case of the United States where it is acquiring great relevance, is reaffirmed in 2002 when the National Research Council publishes a document that establishes how scientific research in education should be: replicable, generalizable, empirical and preferably experimental. This decision is part of a neoliberal form of governance that seeks to establish a unified vision of what reality should be and the role that research should have in this reality. The post-qualitative approach, which feeds on differentreferents and projects itself in various directions, questions the onto-espistemological-methodological and ethical foundations that drive this normative attempt, at the same time as it avoids ways of doing research that predetermine the open and unpredictable meanings to which processes of inquiry can lead. In doing so, this study proposes other ways of conceptualizing what a research process may become.

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Martin Milkman ◽  
Riza Marjadi

This article presents an analysis of the mathematics course requirements and recommendations for prospective students seeking entry into economics PhD programs in the United States. We find that applicants must complete seven mathematics courses to safely assume that they have enough math credits for admission to most programs. Using National Research Council (NRC) rankings of economics departments according to the level of research activity, we find no strong evidence that the mathematics courses required and recommended are dependent upon the level of academic research conducted by the faculty in the respective PhD programs. JEL Classifications: A22, A23


2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Clary ◽  
James H. Wandersee

In many science classes, students encounter ‘final form’ science (Duschl 1990, 1994) in which scientific knowledge is presented as a rhetoric of conclusions (Schwab 1962). Incorporation of the history of science in modern science classrooms combats this false image of linear science progression. History of science can facilitate student understanding of the nature of science, pique student interest, and expose the cultural and societal constraints in which a science developed, revealing science's ‘human side’ (Matthews 1994). Carefully selected and researched episodes from the history of science illustrate that scientists sometimes chose incorrect hypotheses, misinterpreted data, and argued about data analysis. Our research documented that historical vignettes can hook students' attention, and past controversies can be used to develop students' analysis and argumentation skills before turning class attention to modern controversial issues. Historical graphics also have educational potential, as they reveal the progression of a science and offer alternative vehicles for data interpretation. In the United States, the National Science Education Standards (United States National Research Council 1996) acknowledged the importance of the History and Nature of Science by designating it as one of eight science content strands. However, the new United States Next Generation Science Standards (Achieve 2013) no longer include this strand, although the importance of the nature of science is still emphasized in the science framework (United States National Research Council 2012). Therefore, it is crucial that science education researchers continue to research and implement the history of science via interdisciplinary approaches to ensure its inclusion in United States science classrooms for better student understanding of the nature of science.


Nature ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 98 (2448) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
GEORGE ELLERY HALE

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