scholarly journals Incidencia, características y medidas aplicadas en pacientes con gripe A (H1N1) en el contexto hospitalario durante el periodo 2016-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Marina Ignacio Torres ◽  
Ana Hornero López ◽  
Emilio Jimenez Martinez ◽  
Jordi Adamuz
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics

Introducción: El virus de la gripe ocasiona anualmente epidemias estacionales con amplia extensión mundial y se estima que entre el 5 y el 20% de la población padece gripe cada año. En abril de 2009 se confirmaron los primeros casos de infección humana causados por un nuevo virus de la gripe A (H1N1). Objetivo y Método: En el período de epidemia (semana 40-20) del 2016-2018 se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo multicéntrico en dos hospitales públicos del área metropolitana sur de Barcelona con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de pacientes positivos en gripe A (H1N1), así como las características demográficas y clínico-evolutivas de estos pacientes, la temporalidad en la detección del virus y medidas aplicadas por control de la infección.Resultados: Los resultados del presente trabajo indican que la incidencia acumulada de Gripe A durante el periodo de estudio fue de 233,68 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Casi el 90% de los pacientes padecía antecedentes patológicos siendo los más prevalentes la patología cardíaca y respiratoria. Además, el 40% de los pacientes hospitalizados presentó complicaciones, principalmente la neumonía. El tratamiento y días de aislamiento fueron según los estándares recomendados. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos muestran la elevada incidencia de gripe A, así como los beneficios de que los equipos de control de la infección realicen el seguimiento del cumplimiento del tratamiento y medidas para evitar la transmisión. Introduction:The influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics worldwide and it is estimated that between 5 and 20% of the population suffers from influenza each year. The first cases of human infection caused by a new influenza A virus (H1N1) were confirmed in April 2009.Objective and Method: In the epidemic period (week 40-20) of 2016-2018, a multicenter prospective descriptive observational study was carried out in two public hospitals in the southern metropolitan area of Barcelona in order to determine the incidence of positive patients in influenza A (H1N1), as well as the demographic and clinical-evolutionary characteristics of these patients, the timing of virus detection and measures applied for infection control.Results: The results of the present work indicate that the cumulative incidence of Influenza A during the study period was 233,68 per 100,000 inhabitants. Almost 90% of the patients had an underlying chronic condition, mostly heart disease and respiratory pathology. Furthermore, 40% of the patients presented complications, mainly pneumonia. Treatment and days of isolation were according to standard recommendations. Conclusion: These findings show the high incidence of influenza A virus (N1H1) as well as the benefits that apports the infection control teams surveillance, monitoring the compliance with treatment and days of measures to avoid the transmission.

A structure-free digital microfluidic platform for detection of influenza a virus by using magnetic beads and electromagnetic forces

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Hsien Lu ◽  
Yu-Dong Ma ◽  
Chien-Yu Fu ◽  
Gwo-Bin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Electromagnetic Forces ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
New Type ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

A new type of digital microfluidic platform for influenza A H1N1 virus detection by utilizing a one-aptamer/two-antibodies assay on magnetic beads was reported.

scholarly journals Development of Two Types of Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits To Detect the Hemagglutinin or Nucleoprotein of the Swine-Origin Pandemic Influenza A Virus H1N1

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Mizuike ◽  
Tadahiro Sasaki ◽  
Koichi Baba ◽  
Hisahiko Iwamoto ◽  
Yusuke Shibai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Viral Hemagglutinin ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
New Type

ABSTRACTSince its emergence in April 2009, pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1 pdm), a new type of influenza A virus with a triple-reassortant genome, has spread throughout the world. Initial attempts to diagnose the infection in patients using immunochromatography (IC) relied on test kits developed for seasonal influenza A and B viruses, many of which proved significantly less sensitive to H1N1 pdm. Here, we prepared monoclonal antibodies that react with H1N1 pdm but not seasonal influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) or B viruses. Using two of these antibodies, one recognizing viral hemagglutinin (HA) and the other recognizing nucleoprotein (NP), we developed kits for the specific detection of H1N1 pdm and tested them using clinical specimens of nasal wash fluid or nasopharyngeal fluid from patients with influenza-like illnesses. The specificities of both IC test kits were very high (93% for the HA kit, 100% for the NP kit). The test sensitivities for detection of H1N1 pdm were 85.5% with the anti-NP antibody, 49.4% with the anti-HA antibody, and 79.5% with a commercially available influenza A virus detection assay. Use of the anti-NP antibody could allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of H1N1 pdm infections.

scholarly journals Influenza: An Emerging and Re-emerging Public Health Threat in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics

Influenza virus type A and B are responsible for seasonal epidemics as well as pandemics in human. Influenza A viruses are further divided into two major groups namely, low pathogenic seasonal influenza (A/H1N1, A/H1N1 pdm09, A/H3N2) and highly pathogenic influenza virus (H5N1, H5N6, H7N9) on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Mutations, including substitutions, deletions, and insertions, are one of the most important mechanisms for producing new variant of influenza viruses. During the last 30 years; more than 50 viral threat has been evolved in South-East Asian countriesof them influenza is one of the major emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of global concern. Similar to tropical and sub-tropical countries of Southeast Asia; circulation of A/H1N1 pdm09, A/H3N2 and influenza B has been circulating throughout the year with the peak during July-November in Nepal. However; the rate of infection transmission reach peak during the post-rain and winter season of Nepal.

scholarly journals Viruses in food products

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
O. S. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contaminated Food

Data on viral food contaminants that are actually or potentially capable of realizing the food route of infection are presented. The main sources of infection of food with viruses are named: human waste / faeces, contaminated food processing facilities, animals-carriers of zooanthroponotic infections. The groups of viruses transmitted through food are characterized: 1) gastroenteritis pathogens – Sapporo and Norwalk viruses from the family Caliciviridae; Rotavirus A from the family Reoviridae; Mammastroviruses 1, 6, 8 and 9 from the family Astroviridae; Human mastadenovirus F from the family Adenoviridae; Aichivirus A from the family Picornaviridae; 2) Hepatovirus A from the family Picornaviridae and Orthohepevirus A from the family Hepeviridae (with replication in the liver); 3) viruses with replication in the human intestine, which after generalization of the infection affect the CNS – Еnteroviruses B and C from the family Picornaviridae. The stability and survival time of viruses in the environment and food are shown. The main ways of transmission of viruses that are able to enter the human body through infected foods are considered. Influenza A (H1N1) virus has been identified as a possible contaminant in pork and chicken, which without heat treatment can pose a potential risk of human infection. The ability of classical and African swine fever pathogens to remain viable after industrial processing of meat or raw meat has been shown. Families of viruses whose zoopathogenic representatives can contaminate meat products (beef, pork, chicken) are named: Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Smacoviridae. To determine the possible latent infection of people with these viruses, it is necessary to test sera for the presence of specific antibodies. The detection of gyroviruses of the family Anelloviridae and huchismacoviruses of the family Smacoviridae in human faeces may be due to the consumption of infected chicken meat. Data on extraction and concentration methods and methods of virus detection in contaminated food products: PCR (reverse transcription and real-time), ELISA, IСA, electron microscopy, virus isolation in transplanted cell cultures with subsequent identification in serological reactions, NR, IFА, ELISA) or PCR.

scholarly journals Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

10.3791/53313 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
Christine M. Szablewski ◽  
Jody L. Edwards ◽  
Sarah W. Nelson ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Detection

Integration of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification with an immunochromatographic strip on a centrifugal microdevice for influenza A virus identification

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Jung ◽  
B. H. Park ◽  
S. J. Oh ◽  
G. Choi ◽  
T. S. Seo
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

In this paper, we demonstrated an integrated centrifugal microdevice which could perform reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification and immunochromatographic strip based amplicon analysis for rapid, sensitive, and multiplex influenza A virus detection.

scholarly journals Ceramide Suppresses Influenza A Virus Replication In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Soudani ◽  
Rouba Hage-Sleiman ◽  
Walid Karam ◽  
Ghassan Dbaibo ◽  
Hassan Zaraket
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Ceramide Accumulation ◽  
Antiviral Role

ABSTRACT Annual influenza outbreaks are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the availability of seasonal vaccines. Influenza pathogenesis depends on the manipulation of host cell signaling to promote virus replication. Ceramide is a sphingosine-derived lipid that regulates diverse cellular processes. Studies highlighted the differential role of ceramide de novo biosynthesis on the propagation of various viruses. Whether ceramide plays, a role in influenza virus replication is not known. In this study, we assessed the potential interplay between the influenza A (IAV) and ceramide biosynthesis pathways. The accumulation of ceramide in human lung epithelial cells infected with influenza A/H1N1 virus strains was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography and/or confocal microscopy. Virus replication was assessed upon the regulation of the de novo ceramide biosynthesis pathway. A significant increase in ceramide accumulation was observed in cells infected with IAV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inoculating the cells with UV-inactivated IAV did not result in ceramide accumulation in the cells, suggesting that the induction of ceramide required an active virus replication. Inhibiting de novo ceramide significantly decreased ceramide accumulation and enhanced virus replication. The addition of exogenous C6-ceramide prior to infection mediated an increase in cellular ceramide levels and significantly attenuated IAV replication and reduced viral titers (≈1 log10 PFU/ml unit). Therefore, our data demonstrate that ceramide accumulation through de novo biosynthesis pathway plays a protective and antiviral role against IAV infection. These findings propose new avenues for development of antiviral molecules and strategies. IMPORTANCE Understanding the effect of sphingolipid metabolism on viral pathogenesis provide important insights into the development of therapeutic strategies against microbial infections. In this study, we demonstrate a critical role of ceramide during influenza A virus infection. We demonstrate that ceramide produced through de novo biosynthesis possess an antiviral role. These observations unlock new opportunities for the development of novel antiviral therapies against influenza.

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against Influenza A Virus Is Significantly Prolonged and Protective by Nasal Whole Influenza Immunization with Mucosal Adjuvant N3 and DNA-Plasmid Expressing Flagellin in Aging In- and Outbred Mice

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Hinkula ◽  
Sanna Nyström ◽  
Claudia Devito ◽  
Andreas Bråve ◽  
Steven E. Applequist
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Background: Vaccination is commonly used to prevent and control influenza infection in humans. However, improvements in the ease of delivery and strength of immunogenicity could markedly improve herd immunity. The aim of this pre-clinical study is to test the potential improvements to existing intranasal delivery of formalin-inactivated whole Influenza A vaccines (WIV) by formulation with a cationic lipid-based adjuvant (N3). Additionally, we combined WIV and N3 with a DNA-encoded TLR5 agonist secreted flagellin (pFliC(-gly)) as an adjuvant, as this adjuvant has previously been shown to improve the effectiveness of plasmid-encoded DNA antigens. Methods: Outbred and inbred mouse strains were intranasally immunized with unadjuvanted WIV A/H1N1/SI 2006 or WIV that was formulated with N3 alone. Additional groups were immunized with WIV and N3 adjuvant combined with pFliC(-gly). Homo and heterotypic humoral anti-WIV immune responses were assayed from serum and lung by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assay. Homo and heterotypic cellular immune responses to WIV and Influenza A NP were also determined. Results: WIV combined with N3 lipid adjuvant the pFliC(-gly) significantly increased homotypic influenza specific serum antibody responses (>200-fold), increased the IgG2 responses, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2-type immunity, and increased the HAI-titer (>100-fold). Enhanced cell-mediated IFNγ secreting influenza directed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses (>40-fold) to homotypic and heterosubtypic influenza A virus and peptides. Long-term and protective immunity was obtained. Conclusions: These results indicate that inactivated influenza virus that was formulated with N3 cationic adjuvant significantly enhanced broad systemic and mucosal influenza specific immune responses. These responses were broadened and further increased by incorporating DNA plasmids encoding FliC from S. typhimurum as an adjuvant providing long lasting protection against heterologous Influenza A/H1N1/CA09pdm virus challenge.

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