scholarly journals Shaping the Other in the Standardization of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-205
Author(s):  
Javier Ruano-García
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
The North ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

This paper explores the other side of standardization by looking at one of the early modern regional varieties of English that remained outside the “consensus dialect” (Wright, 2000: 6). Drawing on Agha’s (2003) framework of enregisterment, I examine a selection of literary representations of the ‘northern’ dialect that are now included in The Salamanca Corpus (García-Bermejo Giner et al., 2011–), as well as contemporary lexicographical evidence on northern words. My aim is to provide a window into contemporary ideas that saw and constructed the North as the ‘other’, whilst showing, as a result, that such views were immediately relevant to how the dialect and their speakers were imagined and represented alongside the emerging standard. To do so, I undertake a twofold quantitative and qualitative analysis of the evidence to identify the repertoire of forms that were associated with the dialect and the values attributed to such forms.

scholarly journals Organisation of funerary areas and character of burial practices at Pohansko near Břeclav (based on a comparison of the cemetery around the second church and the dispersal burial grounds in the stronghold’s southern suburb)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Renáta Přichystalová
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Selection Of

At the early medieval site Břeclav – Pohansko we can distinguish two different types of funerary areas: church cemeteries with clearly defined locus sacer and dispersed burial grounds in settlements, where the boundary between the living and funerary spaces is not clearly defined. The organisation of the area for funerary activities, the selection of the burial place and the homogeneity of applied burial rites in the above-mentioned two types of funerary areas were different. In order to find out how extensive this difference is, we chose several characteristics of funerary areas and compared them with one another. The key determinants were: the spatial structure of funerary areas, and the orientation and position of individuals buried in grave pits. As an example of a church cemetery we chose the cemetery around the second church in the North-Eastern Suburb of Pohansko. The Southern Suburb of the stronghold yielded data related to funerary areas dispersed in and between settlement structures. The comparison of selected characteristics of burial customs identified in the above-mentioned church cemetery and in dispersed cemeteries demonstrates that burials around churches were most probably organised and planned centrally and that the organisation and supervision of funerary activities might have been in the hands of the clergy. The burials in cemeteries within the settlement structure, on the other hand, were organised in accordance with customs of local community. The organisation and supervision of these funerary areas were most probably in the hands of persons approved and authorised by the community, maybe some significant community member, or the “Council of Elders” or pagan priests.

scholarly journals Representación femenina en las campañas publicitarias de marcas deportivas=Female representation in advertising campaigns for sports brands

2021 ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Labella Martín
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
The North ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Do So

<p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Este artículo pretende conocer el modo en que las marcas deportivas más valoradas, según el Informe BrandZ 2020, han representado o representan a las mujeres en aquellas campañas enfocadas en incentivar los principios de igualdad en el ámbito deportivo. El análisis de las campañas de Nike, Adidas, Under Armour y The North Face muestra que estas recurren a los valores de superación, diversidad y libertad, y lo hacen sin representaciones estereotipadas. Aunque se percibe un compromiso con la igualdad en el deporte, de las representaciones y el mensaje publicitario se extraen connotaciones sexistas. Salvo en el caso de la campaña <em>Now is her time</em> (Adidas), las otras representan la lucha por la igualdad como una tarea exclusiva de las mujeres.</p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to find out how the most valued sports brands, according to the BrandZ 2020 Report, have represented or represent women in those campaigns focused on promoting the principles of equality in the sports field. The analysis of the campaigns of Nike, Adidas, Under Armour and The North Face shows that they draw on to the values of personal improvement, diversity and freedom, and they do so without stereotyped representations. Although a commitment to equality is perceived, sexist connotations are extracted from the representations and the advertising message. Except in the case of “Now is her time” (Adidas’s campaign), the other brands represent the fight for equality as an exclusive task of women.</p>

Greeks and Sakas in India

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Oriental Society ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
North West ◽  
Interesting Article ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Scholar ◽  
Do So

Owing to the exigencies of war I failed to get my copies of the Journal of the American Oriental Society between 1939 and 1945, and it is only within the last few days that I have seen Dr. Ludwig Bachhofer's most interesting article on “Greeks and Sakas in India” which appeared in the Journal as far back as December, 1941. In that article Dr. Bachhofer pays a warm tribute to Dr. W. W. Tarn's epoch-making work on The Greeks in Bactria and India, but at the same time challenges some of the views expressed by that great scholar. Though very late in the day I hope I may be allowed to add a few comments on what Dr. Bachhofer has said. I do so with no little hesitation, because failing eye-sight now makes it difficult for me to read or write, and still more difficult to re-examine the numismatic data and other minutiæ referred to by Dr. Bachhofer. On the other hand, half a life time spent in excavations at Taxila and other sites on the North-West Frontier of India has put me in possession of many relevant facts, of which it is evident that Dr. Bachhofer is still, through no fault of his own, in ignorance; and it is clearly my duty to make these facts known to others without loss of time. Already, it is true, I have written a full and comprehensive account in three volumes of the results of my long labours at Taxila, but though the manuscript of this book was sent to the Cambridge University Press at the end of 1945, I fear that in prevailing conditions it may be a year or two before it can be published; and in the meantime eminent scholars like Dr. Bachhofer may be spending valuable hours on problems which have in effect already been solved.

scholarly journals A crowdsourcing approach to the description of regional variation in French object clitic clusters

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 76-103
Author(s):  
Mathieu Avanzi ◽  
Elisabeth Stark
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
The North ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Clitic Clusters ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Our contribution is dedicated to the empirical testing of alleged regional variants of object clitic clusters in modern French in France, Belgium and Switzerland. We provide some intriguing new insights into the regional distribution of non-standard variants and discuss one hypothesis on their nature and two hypotheses to explain their coming into being: language-contact (with Francoprovençal, Occitan and Oïl dialects, H1) and/or analogical leveling (H2), on the one hand, and their postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, nature, on the other (H3). Our main results reveal that the three non-standard variants where order in object clitic clusters is concerned are not regionally well-distributed, i.e. the observed distribution does not correspond to any cohesive area. In contrast, only one variant where the selection of the form (me vs. moi) is at issue seems to be regionally confined: it is found in French-speaking Switzerland, in Gascony, plus some rare attestations of it in the North of France. All in all, variation in object clitic clusters indicates a genuinely new geographical articulation of regional French that does not coincide with traditional dialectal areas.

Old English law-codes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-52
Author(s):  
Lilo Moessner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Old English ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Synchronic Comparison

Abstract Law language is a cover-term for different genres of legal texts. The genre of law is characterized as being written, legislative and formal. Quantitative studies on the textual and linguistic structure of Old English (oe) law-codes are lacking so far, but both aspects are analysed in this paper on the basis of a corpus of about 20,000 words. The results of the quantitative-qualitative analysis are compared to oe wills on the one hand, and to Early Modern English (emode) and Present-Day English (pde) statutes on the other. The synchronic comparison of oe law-codes and oe wills reveals that the text structure and the linguistic profile of the genres are very similar. The conclusion to be drawn from this result is that genre properties largely determine the textual and linguistic profile of texts in a given period. The diachronic comparisons show marked differences in the linguistic profile of oe law-codes and statutes of later periods.

Peru before Pizarro

Antiquity ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 23 (91) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. S. Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The North ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
North Part ◽  
Do So

Two notable events in Peruvian archaeology, which are of wide general interest, have recently taken place. One was the discovery of pre-ceramic horizons on the Peruvian coast, and the other was a conference held in New York in July 1947, at which several acknowledged experts felt that the time had come to explain the known facts in terms of a general scheme of development, and attempted to do so independently with strikingly similar results. The papers read at the conference on this and other matters have recently been published, and they include the fullest summary so far available of the preceramic discoveries.Mr Junius Bird has long been known for his work on the prehistory of unpromising and difficult regions in South America. He has studied successions in Tierra del Fuego and on the southern end of the Chilean mainland, which contain stone and bone artifacts but no pottery, from which he estimates, by such methods as the rate of rise of land and of accumulation of deposits, that human occupation began about 5000 years ago, i.e. at the beginning of the 3rd millennium B.C.. His methods of course involve some very large assumptions, but the results are reasonable when considered in relation to the usual estimate of about 10,000 years for Folsom man. He has also discovered non-pottery and non-agricultural horizons in the middens of the north part of the coast of Chile, but these may not be of any great age and their poverty may be due to the inhospitable nature of the region.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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