scholarly journals Role of exercise on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function: is exercise sufficient for the prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Joon Young Kim ◽  
Justin Y. Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Onset Type

Vitamin B12 and Folate Concentrations in Recent-onset Type 2 Diabetes and the Effect of Metformin Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. e2222-e2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kanti ◽  
Evrim Anadol-Schmitz ◽  
Pavel Bobrov ◽  
Klaus Strassburger ◽  
Sabine Kahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type

Abstract Context Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency are not only linked to hematological, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, but are also associated with insulin resistance. Metformin can decrease vitamin B12 and folate concentrations. Objective To examine (1) effects of short-term metformin treatment on serum holotranscobalamin (holoTC) and folate and (2) their association with insulin sensitivity in recent-onset type 2 diabetes. Design This cross-sectional analysis comprised patients (known disease duration <12 months) on metformin monotherapy (MET, n = 123, 81 males, 53 ± 12 years) or nonpharmacological treatment (NPT, n = 126, 77 males, 54 ± 11 years) of the German Diabetes Study. Main Outcome Measures HoloTC (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), cobalamin, and folate (electrochemiluminescence); beta-cell function and whole-body insulin sensitivity, measured during fasting (HOMA-B, HOMA-IR) and intravenous glucose tolerance tests combined with hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp tests. Results HoloTC (105.4 [82.4, 128.3] vs 97 [79.7, 121.9] pmol/L) and folate concentrations (13.4 [9.3, 19.3] vs 12.7 [9.3, 22.0] nmol/L) were similar in both groups. Overall, holoTC was not associated with fasting or glucose-stimulated beta-cell function and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Cobalamin measurements yielded similar results in representative subgroups. In NPT but not MET, folate levels were inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (r = –0.239, P = .007). Folate levels did not relate to insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in the whole cohort and in each group separately after adjustment for age, body mass index, and sex. Conclusions Metformin does not affect circulating holoTC and folate concentrations in recent-onset type 2 diabetes, rendering monitoring of vitamin B12 and folate dispensable, at least during the first 6 months after diagnosis or initiation of metformin.

scholarly journals Reduced beta cell function in offspring of mothers with young-onset type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1876-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
E. Pearson ◽  
P. J. Avery ◽  
M. I. McCarthy ◽  
J. C. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Onset Type

scholarly journals The central role of calcium in the effects of cytokines on beta-cell function: Implications for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Cell Calcium ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Ramadan ◽  
Stephen R. Steiner ◽  
Christina M. O’Neill ◽  
Craig S. Nunemaker
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function

scholarly journals Beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in obese youth with maturity onset diabetes of youth mutations vs type 2 diabetes in TODAY: Longitudinal observations and glycemic failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
Silva Arslanian ◽  
Laure El ghormli ◽  
Morey H. Haymond ◽  
Christine L. Chan ◽  
Steven D. Chernausek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Obese Youth

scholarly journals Biomarkers of subclinical inflammation and increases in glycaemia, insulin resistance and beta-cell function in non-diabetic individuals: the Whitehall II study

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Kristine Færch ◽  
Maren Carstensen-Kirberg ◽  
Gordon D Lowe ◽  
Rita Haapakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Higher systemic levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and low adiponectin are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but their associations with changes in glycaemic deterioration before onset of diabetes are poorly understood. We aimed to study whether inflammation-related biomarkers are associated with 5-year changes in glucose and insulin, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and whether these associations may be bidirectional. Design and methods We used multiple repeat measures (17 891 person-examinations from 7683 non-diabetic participants) from the Whitehall II study to assess whether circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) and adiponectin are associated with subsequent changes in glycaemia, insulin, insulin resistance and beta-cell function (based on oral glucose tolerance tests). We examined bidirectionality by testing if parameters of glucose metabolism at baseline are associated with changes in inflammation-related biomarkers. Results Higher hsCRP and IL6 were associated with increases in fasting insulin, insulin resistance and, for IL6, with beta-cell function after adjustment for confounders. Higher adiponectin was associated with decreases in fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and beta-cell function. The reverse approach showed that 2-h glucose and insulin sensitivity were associated with changes in IL1Ra. Fasting insulin and insulin resistance showed inverse associations with changes in adiponectin. Conclusions Subclinical inflammation is associated with development of increased glycaemia, insulin resistance and beta-cell function in non-diabetic individuals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation-related processes may increase insulin resistance and lead to a compensatory upregulation of beta-cell function.

scholarly journals Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K Thomas ◽  
Amir Nikooienejad ◽  
Ross Bray ◽  
Xuewei Cui ◽  
Jonathan Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Abstract Context Novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide demonstrated substantially greater glucose control and weight loss (WL) compared with selective GLP-1RA dulaglutide. Objective Explore mechanisms of glucose control by tirzepatide. Design Post hoc analyses of fasting biomarkers and multiple linear regression analysis. Setting Forty-seven sites in 4 countries. Patients or other Participants Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes. Interventions Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo. Main Outcome Measures Analyze biomarkers of beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate WL contributions to IR improvements at 26 weeks. Results Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 2-B significantly increased with dulaglutide and tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg compared with placebo (P ≤ .02). Proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios significantly decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P ≤ .007). Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin (P ≤ .033) and tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (P = .004) compared with placebo and dulaglutide. Markers of improved insulin sensitivity (IS) adiponectin, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 significantly increased by 1 or more doses of tirzepatide (P < .05). To determine whether improvements in IR were directly attributable to WL, multiple linear regression analysis with potential confounding variables age, sex, metformin, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin A1c was conducted. WL significantly (P ≤ .028) explained only 13% and 21% of improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg, respectively. Conclusions Tirzepatide improved markers of IS and beta-cell function to a greater extent than dulaglutide. IS effects of tirzepatide were only partly attributable to WL, suggesting dual receptor agonism confers distinct mechanisms of glycemic control.

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