Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Children and Youth With Challenges in Sensory Integration and Sensory Processing

Importance: Occupational therapy using an Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) approach is a common intervention that has not been extensively studied in children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges (e.g., without a diagnosis of autism). Objective: To test the effectiveness of ASI using measures related to motor coordination and functional performance in children with a sensory-based motor disorder (SBMD). Design: Nonconcurrent, multiple baseline, single subject. Setting: Outpatient clinic that was part of a children’s hospital in an urban setting. Participants: Three boys (ages 5–8 yr) with an SBMD. Intervention: Each participant received ASI 3 times per week for 10 wk. Outcomes and Measures: Three motor probes were measured weekly. Pre- and posttest assessments included goal attainment scaling (GAS) and the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency–Second Edition (BOT–2). Results: All 3 participants showed improvements in motor probes during the intervention period on the basis of a 2 SD band method of analysis. Statistically significant improvements were noted across GAS goals, and positive changes were found on the BOT–2, with large effect sizes. Conclusions and Relevance: Findings suggest improved motor performance and high goal achievement using ASI for children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges. What This Article Adds: This study adds to a body of literature suggesting that ASI is effective in increasing functional performance in children with sensory processing and integration challenges. Future studies using multiple baseline designs are feasible in the clinic setting and can help build the evidence base for ASI.

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AYRES SENSORY INTEGRATION FOR THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD):A MIXED METHOD STUDY

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/11760 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1034-1042

Author(s):

Nandgaonkar Hemant P ◽

◽

Zarine Ferzandi ◽

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

The Other ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

For intervention of children with a diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there are many modalities. Sensory Processing issues are present in children with ADHD. There is a wide use of Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI®) to treat children with ADHD. But effectiveness of ASI® in children with ADHD is unknown. The purpose of study was to examine the effects of ASI® Interventions on Participation of the child in addition to the parent’s perspective about the outcome of therapy in children with a diagnosis of ADHD. Method: Study was divided as 1. Development of the questionnaire for the evaluation of “Participation of the child with ADHD”. 2. Randomized controlled Pilot trial, double blind study. 3. Family perspective about the effect of intervention on children with ADHD using qualitative interview method. Eligible candidates were children having average intelligence with a diagnosis of ADHD, between age of 5 years and 12 years, sensory processing disorder. Children included in the study received occupational therapy with either protocol. Results: 1. Self-care, academics, interpersonal interactions and communication are important primacies for the parents of children with a diagnosis of ADHD. 2. Priorities of the parents of children with a diagnosis of ADHD change according to the culture they belong. 3. ADHD Participation Profile (APP) is a valid & reliable questionnaire to monitor progress of children with a diagnosis of ADHD. The responsiveness of the ADHD Participation Profile questionnaire has been proven to be good. Herein, the ADHD Participation Profile can be used reliably to document the treatment progress of patients with ADHD for research and clinical purposes.The children in ASI® Group, made gains that were significantly greater than the children in the other group on Goal Attainment Scale and ADHD Participation Profile. Large Effect sizes were found between and within the on both the outcome measures (1.87 & 0.939). Conclusion: ADHD does not have only represents sensory processing issues. It’s is complex disorder which embodies issues other than Sensory Processing and will be receptive to the other modes of intervention. If existing, the sensory processing issues needs to be addressed specifically, as it will influence the global performance.Occupational Therapy has brought a notable change in kids and parent’s life. Most of the caretakers were ready for new boundaries in their daily family occupations. Though some goals are met after the intervention, the list of apprehensions is unending. Many parents less worried after Occupational Therapy intervention, whereas the few were still doubtful about future of their kids. We would have overlooked this ironic data, if we should have given a verdict about the effect of the intervention though quantitative measure. Mixing the methods was a suitable solution.

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Occupational Therapy for Children and Youth Using Sensory Integration Theory and Methods in School-Based Practice

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2015.696s04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 6913410040p1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Integration Theory ◽

School Based

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Parental or Teacher Education and Coaching to Support Function and Participation of Children and Youth With Sensory Processing and Sensory Integration Challenges: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2018.029017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 7201190030p1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heather Miller-Kuhaneck ◽

Renee Watling

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Teacher Education ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Support Function ◽

Children And Youth

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Sensory Integration Therapy Versus Usual Care for Sensory Processing Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.2.95/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Randell ◽

Rachel McNamara ◽

Sue Delport ◽

Monica Busse ◽

Richard Hastings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Usual Care ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Well Being ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Face To Face ◽

Sensory Integration Therapy ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common lifelong condition affecting 1 in 100 people. ASD affects how a person relates to others and the world around them. Difficulty responding to sensory information (noise, touch, movement, taste, sight) is common, and might include feeling overwhelmed or distressed by loud or constant low-level noise (e.g. in the classroom). Affected children may also show little or no response to these sensory cues. These ‘sensory processing difficulties’ are associated with behaviour and socialisation problems, and affect education, relationships, and participation in daily life. Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) is a face-to-face therapy or treatment, provided by trained occupational therapists who use play -based sensory-motor activities and the just-right challenge to influence the way the child responds to sensation, reducing distress, and improving motor skills, adaptive responses, concentration and interaction with others. With limited research into SIT, this protocol describes in detail how the intervention will be defined and evaluated. Methods: Two-arm pragmatic individually 1:1 Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with internal pilot of SIT versus Usual Care (UC) for primary school aged children (4 to 11 years) with ASD and Sensory Processing (SP) difficulties. 216 children will be recruited from multiple sources. Therapy will be delivered in clinics meeting full fidelity criteria for manualised SIT over 26 weeks (face-to-face sessions: 2 per week for 10 weeks, 2 per month for 2 months; Telephone call: 1 per month for 2 months). Follow up assessments will be completed at 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Prior to recruitment: therapists will be invited to participate in focus groups/interviews to explore what is delivered as usual care in trial regions; carers will be invited to complete an online survey to map out their experience of services. Following recruitment: carers will be given diaries to record their contact with services. Following intervention, carer and therapist interviews will be completed. Discussion: Results of this trial will provide high quality evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of SIT aimed at improving behavioural, functional, social, educational and well-being outcomes for children and well-being outcomes for carers and families. Trial registration: ISRCTN14716440. Registered 08/11/2016. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14716440

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Specific Interventions and the Role of Occupational Therapy on Children With ASD

Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education - Interventions for Improving Adaptive Behaviors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8217-6.ch010 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 165-179

Author(s):

Silvia-Raluca Matei ◽

Damian Mircea Totolan ◽

Claudia Salceanu

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Sensory Input ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Attention Span ◽

Sensory Inputs ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Sensory Activities

Occupational therapy focuses on children's sensory processing and modulation. This chapter approaches specific interventions on children with ASD from several perspectives. OT is based on sensory integrative approach when working with children with ASD: helping parents understand their child's behavior, helping children organize responses to sensory input. The sensory integrative approach is a formulated activity plan that helps people who haven't been able to develop their own sensory recognition program. This plan allows a child to integrate all sorts of different sensory activities in their day so they can engage in and begin to work with a wide variety of sensory inputs. This provides a wide number of benefits. Their focus and attention span increases because they won't have meltdowns from trying to process too much information; sensory integrative approach helps to rebuild/reform the child's nervous system. This allows them to physically handle more sensory input. As a result, OT has been proven effective in working with children with ASD.

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