AYRES SENSORY INTEGRATION FOR THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD):A MIXED METHOD STUDY

For intervention of children with a diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there are many modalities. Sensory Processing issues are present in children with ADHD. There is a wide use of Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI®) to treat children with ADHD. But effectiveness of ASI® in children with ADHD is unknown. The purpose of study was to examine the effects of ASI® Interventions on Participation of the child in addition to the parent’s perspective about the outcome of therapy in children with a diagnosis of ADHD. Method: Study was divided as 1. Development of the questionnaire for the evaluation of “Participation of the child with ADHD”. 2. Randomized controlled Pilot trial, double blind study. 3. Family perspective about the effect of intervention on children with ADHD using qualitative interview method. Eligible candidates were children having average intelligence with a diagnosis of ADHD, between age of 5 years and 12 years, sensory processing disorder. Children included in the study received occupational therapy with either protocol. Results: 1. Self-care, academics, interpersonal interactions and communication are important primacies for the parents of children with a diagnosis of ADHD. 2. Priorities of the parents of children with a diagnosis of ADHD change according to the culture they belong. 3. ADHD Participation Profile (APP) is a valid & reliable questionnaire to monitor progress of children with a diagnosis of ADHD. The responsiveness of the ADHD Participation Profile questionnaire has been proven to be good. Herein, the ADHD Participation Profile can be used reliably to document the treatment progress of patients with ADHD for research and clinical purposes.The children in ASI® Group, made gains that were significantly greater than the children in the other group on Goal Attainment Scale and ADHD Participation Profile. Large Effect sizes were found between and within the on both the outcome measures (1.87 & 0.939). Conclusion: ADHD does not have only represents sensory processing issues. It’s is complex disorder which embodies issues other than Sensory Processing and will be receptive to the other modes of intervention. If existing, the sensory processing issues needs to be addressed specifically, as it will influence the global performance.Occupational Therapy has brought a notable change in kids and parent’s life. Most of the caretakers were ready for new boundaries in their daily family occupations. Though some goals are met after the intervention, the list of apprehensions is unending. Many parents less worried after Occupational Therapy intervention, whereas the few were still doubtful about future of their kids. We would have overlooked this ironic data, if we should have given a verdict about the effect of the intervention though quantitative measure. Mixing the methods was a suitable solution.

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Efficacy of parent information sessions for understanding Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder children

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppkmchm.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Pearcy ◽

Parma Barbaro ◽

Nathan Adey ◽

Lee-Ann Bamess ◽

Stephanie Curtis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Efficacious Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

Background: The Complex Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Service (CAHDS) conduct caregiver information sessions across a number of different topics throughout each year. The aim of these workshops is to help caregivers better understand and relate to their child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The four workshops cover different topics related to ADHD, and are facilitated by related disciplines. The topics covered include; understanding your childs behaviour, family self-care and stress management, Social connectedness and communication, sensory processing and ADHD. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the caregiver information workshops on caregiver belief in their understanding, use of strategies, and resources, to help their child with ADHD. Method: Caregivers who had children with or previously with the CAHDS service were invited to attend workshops held throughout the year. Caregivers complete a feedback survey before and after the session, and the results were compared. Data was collected from 2016 to 2019. Results: For each of the workshop topics, caregivers reported a weak to moderate improvement in their understanding, strategies, and resources for helping their children with ADHD. Significance and sampling issues are discussed. Conclusions : Information sessions for caregivers present as an efficacious treatment approach in the understanding and support of children with ADHD.

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Occupational Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part 1: A Delineation Model of Practice

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802260707000902 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 372-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sidney Chu ◽

Frances Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Literature Review ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Treatment Package ◽

Model Of Practice

An occupational therapy delineation model of practice is presented, which guides a multidimensional understanding of the psychopathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its management. Previous research has established that occupational therapists lack detailed training or theory in this field. The delineation model of practice is based on a literature review, clinical experience and a consensus study carried out with occupational therapists to determine their priorities for the evaluation of, and intervention with, children with ADHD. Part 1 of this article presents the model and examines its implications for evaluation and intervention at the levels of child, task and environment. A family-centred assessment and treatment package, based on the delineation model, is described. Part 2 of this article will report the results of a multicentre study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this package.

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Effect of Group Play Therapy on Emotional/Behavioral Problems of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Aged 6-12 Years

Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.32598/rj.21.3.3158.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 390-405

Author(s):

Sepideh Teimourian ◽

◽

Hooshang Mirzaei ◽

Ebrahim Pishyare ◽

Samaneh Hosseinzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Play Therapy ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Group Play Therapy ◽

Rule Breaking ◽

Group Play

Objective: One of the most significant issues in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is emotional/behavioral problems, which disrupt their social communication at home and school. Some of these problems include social problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior. These problems, if left untreated in childhood, can cause problems in adulthood such as substance abuse, insubordination in the workplace, shorter stay at a job, and more anti-social acts. Nowadays, the use of play therapy for children with ADHD has become common. It is an active approach that allows the children to express their feelings through play. In group play therapy, children are asked to evaluate their personality according to their peers’ reactions. The study investigates the effect of group play therapy on emotional/behavioral problems in children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Materials & Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial. The study population consists of all children with ADHD referred to the Dostdaran Koodak Occupational Therapy Clinic in Isfahan City, Iran. Of these, 28 children aged 6-12 years (average age: 8 years), including 8 girls and 20 boys, were selected using a convenience sampling technique. First, the study objective was explained to the parents, and children were then randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Considering error (d)=3, with 95% confidence level and 80% test power, the sample size was determined 14 for each group. The intervention group received 12 sessions of group play therapy (2 sessions per week, each for 45-60 minutes), besides two sessions of individual occupational therapy per week. However, the control group received two sessions of occupational therapy per week only. The emotional/behavior problems of subjects in both groups were assessed before and after the intervention using the CBCL. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 21 software using the Shapiro-Wilk test and ANCOVA. Results: After the group play therapy, there was a significant decrease in the scores of emotional/behavioral problems, including social issues, aggressive behavior, and rule-breaking behavior, as well as in the overall score (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Group play therapy can be used as a complementary method with other common occupational therapies for reducing the emotional/behavioral problems in children with ADHD.

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Effects of Occupational Therapy Interventions on Improving Play Performance in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.32598/irj.19.3.761.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 221-230

Author(s):

Minoo Dabiri Golchin ◽

◽

Hooshang Mirzaie ◽

Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Online Application ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Medicine Research ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Therapy Interventions ◽

Occupational Therapy Interventions

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder among neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with ADHD have serious difficulties in their playing patterns. This review aims at seeing occupational therapy interventions using to improve play among children with ADHD. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Elsevier) were searched. Rayyan QCRI online application was used for managing and screening the obtained data. The included articles were reviewed for their quality based on the Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine, research pyramid, CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials), and STARD (Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy) statement. Results: A total of 104 articles were found after the search. After the screening and review process, six articles were included for the main review. Data extraction was done for these six articles (two randomized trial control and four non-randomized trial control studies). Discussion: Play-based interventions could be effective for improving social play in ADHD when delivered by a therapist. For parent-delivered interventions, more studies with larger sample sizes are required.

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Sensory processing in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study using the Short Sensory Profile

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S435-S435

Author(s):

M. Dalpatadu ◽

S. Wijetunga ◽

K. Kapugama ◽

S. Kotalawala ◽

C. Suraweera

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Short Sensory Profile ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the sensory modulation disorders among others like autism, Asperger syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. Little is known about patients with ADHD and their sensory processing issues in Sri Lanka.AimsTo investigate differences in sensory processing among children between (3–10) yrs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and those who are typically developing in Sri Lanka.MethodsA descriptive cross sectional study of 75 children aged (3–10) yrs attending child guidance clinic at Lady Ridgeway Hospital (LRH) were compared with 75 age matched peers who were typically developing, using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP).ResultsOut of the sample population of 150, there was a significant difference in sensory processing total score (P-0.001) (df-29) of children with ADHD when compared to the typically developing group. The greatest differences were reported on the tactile (P-0.013), taste (P-0.000), under responsiveness (P-0.002), auditory filtering (P-0.002) & low energy (P-0.017). Out of the raw items commonest sensory processing problems were difficulty standing in line, distractability if there is a lot of noise around, being unable to work with background noise & difficulty paying attention due to auditory deficits.ConclusionsMajority of children in this sample were reported to have difficulties with processing and responding to sensory input on the SSP. Further studies are needed to assess sensory issues in children with ADHD, to carry out effective interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ching-Wen Huang ◽

Chung-Ju Huang ◽

Chiao-Ling Hung ◽

Chia-Hao Shih ◽

Tsung-Min Hung

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Resting State ◽

Self Control ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Higher Power ◽

Eyes Open ◽

The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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The Impact of Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.2.5436 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 279-283

Author(s):

Mihail Silviu Tudosie ◽

Elena Truta ◽

Ana Maria Davitoiu ◽

Luminita Stanciulescu ◽

George Jinescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Copper Concentration ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Health State ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Impact

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. e97-e103

Author(s):

Irene Rethemiotaki

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Family Income ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.

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Good Holders, Bad Shufflers: An Examination of Working Memory Processes and Modalities in Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715001010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ashley N. Simone ◽

Anne-Claude V. Bédard ◽

David J. Marks ◽

Jeffrey M. Halperin

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Digit Span ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Significant Group ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Group Condition ◽

Visual Spatial

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine working memory (WM) modalities (visual-spatial and auditory-verbal) and processes (maintenance and manipulation) in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 63 8-year-old children with ADHD and an age- and sex-matched non-ADHD comparison group (N=51). Auditory-verbal and visual-spatial WM were assessed using the Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Integrated - Fourth Edition. WM maintenance and manipulation were assessed via forward and backward span indices, respectively. Data were analyzed using a 3-way Group (ADHD vs. non-ADHD)×Modality (Auditory-Verbal vs. Visual-Spatial)×Condition (Forward vs. Backward) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Secondary analyses examined differences between Combined and Predominantly Inattentive ADHD presentations. Significant Group×Condition (p=.02) and Group×Modality (p=.03) interactions indicated differentially poorer performance by those with ADHD on backward relative to forward and visual-spatial relative to auditory-verbal tasks, respectively. The 3-way interaction was not significant. Analyses targeting ADHD presentations yielded a significant Group×Condition interaction (p=.009) such that children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation performed differentially poorer on backward relative to forward tasks compared to the children with ADHD-Combined Presentation. Findings indicate a specific pattern of WM weaknesses (i.e., WM manipulation and visual-spatial tasks) for children with ADHD. Furthermore, differential patterns of WM performance were found for children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive versus Combined Presentations. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–11)

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Effects of Late-Afternoon Methylphenidate Administration on Behavior and Sleep in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.96.2.320 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 320-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Kent ◽

Joseph C. Blader ◽

Harold S. Koplewicz ◽

Howard Abikoff ◽

Carmel A. Foley

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Inpatient Service ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Late Afternoon ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Child Psychiatric

Objective. This study evaluated the effects on behavior and sleep of methylphenidate (MPH) administered at 4 PM to children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methodology. Twelve children admitted to a child psychiatric inpatient service with ADHD participated in a double-blind, crossover study in which they received a 4 PM dose of either 15 mg of MPH, 10 mg of MPH, or a placebo in random order for 12 consecutive days. Ratings of behavior, including ADHD symptoms, pertaining to the period from dose administration until sleep onset, were supplied nightly by hospital staff. Sleep latency and sleep adequacy were also assessed for each night. Results. MPH resulted in markedly improved behavioral control compared with placebo; there was no difference between 15-mg and 10-mg MPH doses. MPH did not alter sleep latencies observed with the placebo. Children were more often rated as less tired on awakening after nights that they received 10 mg of MPH compared with 15 mg of MPH and the placebo. Weight loss was apparent among 83% of the patients, but dinner intake did not vary with third-dose condition. Conclusions. Morning and noon administration of stimulants to children with ADHD is a near-universal practice, but many clinicians avoid a third, late-afternoon administration for fear of inducing insomnia. This study's findings show that children with ADHD derive substantial symptom reduction from MPH administered in late afternoon, with no untoward effects on sleep. Therefore, three-times-a-day dosing should be considered for those children exhibiting ADHD symptoms in the evening. Adverse effects on sleep latency were not apparent in the sample overall. Nonetheless, monitoring for possible aggravation of sleep problems and weight loss remains sound treatment practice.

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