Specific Interventions and the Role of Occupational Therapy on Children With ASD

2022 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Silvia-Raluca Matei ◽  
Damian Mircea Totolan ◽  
Claudia Salceanu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Attention Span ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Sensory Activities

Occupational therapy focuses on children's sensory processing and modulation. This chapter approaches specific interventions on children with ASD from several perspectives. OT is based on sensory integrative approach when working with children with ASD: helping parents understand their child's behavior, helping children organize responses to sensory input. The sensory integrative approach is a formulated activity plan that helps people who haven't been able to develop their own sensory recognition program. This plan allows a child to integrate all sorts of different sensory activities in their day so they can engage in and begin to work with a wide variety of sensory inputs. This provides a wide number of benefits. Their focus and attention span increases because they won't have meltdowns from trying to process too much information; sensory integrative approach helps to rebuild/reform the child's nervous system. This allows them to physically handle more sensory input. As a result, OT has been proven effective in working with children with ASD.

scholarly journals A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kleinfeld ◽  
Martin Deschenes ◽  
Michaël Elbaz ◽  
Amalia Callado Perez ◽  
Conrad Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Trigeminal Nuclei ◽  
Rodent Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brain stem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brain stem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.

Paper 22: Experimental Studies on the Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Movement

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (10) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
E. M. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Influence Activity

When the basal ganglia are damaged by disease processes in man, various disorders of movement occur. In order to control movement the basal ganglia must have a sensory input and in the absence of direct connections to motoneurones or motor cortex they must act through intermediate structures. The experiments, on cats, demonstrate: (1) which sensory inputs reach the caudate nucleus and how they influence activity of the neurones there; (2) the effect of the output from the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus on the neurones of the inferior olive and reticular formation. The results are discussed with respect to the control of movement.

scholarly journals Superior Colliculus Control of Vibrissa Movements

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Hemelt ◽  
Asaf Keller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Mystacial Vibrissae ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study tested the role of the superior colliculus in generating movements of the mystacial vibrissae—whisking. First, we compared the kinematics of whisking generated by the superior colliculus with those generated by the motor cortex. We found that in anesthetized rats, microstimulation of the colliculus evoked a sustained vibrissa protraction, whereas stimulation of motor cortex produced rhythmic protractions. Movements generated by the superior colliculus are independent of motor cortex and can be evoked at lower thresholds and shorter latencies than those generated by the motor cortex. Next we tested the hypothesis that the colliculus is acting as a simple reflex loop with the neurons that drive vibrissa movement receiving sensory input evoked by vibrissa contacts. We found that most tecto-facial neurons do not receive sensory input. Not only did these neurons not spike in response to sensory stimulation, but field potential analysis revealed that subthreshold sensory inputs do not overlap spatially with tecto-facial neurons. Together these findings suggest that the superior colliculus plays a pivotal role in vibrissa movement—regulating vibrissa set point and whisk amplitude—but does not function as a simple reflex loop. With the motor cortex controlling the whisking frequency, the superior colliculus control of set point and amplitude would account for the main parameters of voluntary whisking.

Comment: A schema for the interactions between motor programs and sensory input

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Tatton ◽  
I. C. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Neuronal Circuitry ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Receptor Input ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In this overview we utilize and extend a model, originally developed for "command interneuron" control of the generation of motor programs, to discuss the roles sensory inputs play in movement control. To provide a conceptual framework, we present a modular schematic of the motor control and sensory processing apparatus of an hypothetical nervous system. In the schematic, "subroutines" (basic units of motor programs) are seen as "playing out" through switching and sequencing networks to "driver neurons." The "driver neurons" then activate motoneurons to execute the programmed movements. Five modes of interaction between motor programs and sensory input are considered using examples from invertebrate and vertebrate neuronal circuitry. These modes of interaction occur at the following locations: (1) the "program selector," to initiate a motor program; (2) the "motor subroutine directory," advancing the program to the next subroutine; (3) the "driver neurons" and motoneurons, where the "gain" of subroutine instructions can be modulated; (4) the "motor programmer," which monitors programs in progress and provides for program development and updating; and (5) the "driver neurons" themselves, which control sensory processing by "selecting" the appropriate sensory inputs for the program in progress. Mode 5 is illustrated in more detail through a consideration of the modification of stretch receptor input by "extensor" and "flexor" command interneurones in the circuitry controlling postural movements of the crayfish abdomen.

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

The role of the sympathetic and sensory nervous system in peritoneal endometriotic lesions

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arnold ◽  
ML Barcena de Arellano ◽  
C Rüster ◽  
A Schneider ◽  
S Mechsner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Nervous System

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

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