scholarly journals Dendroglaciological Dating of a Little Ice Age Glacial Advance at Moving Glacier, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Colin P. Laroque
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
Glacier Advance ◽  
Glacial Advance

ABSTRACT Dendrochronological investigations at Moving Glacier provide the first calendar-dating of a Little Ice Age glacier advance on Vancouver Island. In 1931, Moving Glacier was within 30 to 50 m of a distinct trimline and terminal moraine marking its maximum Little Ice Age extent. A reconnaissance of the site in 1993 revealed the presence of sheared in situ stumps and detrital trunks inside the 1931 ice limit. Sampling in 1994 showed the site was covered by a mature subalpine forest prior to the glacial advance which overrode the site after 1718 A.D. Following this period of expansion, which saw Moving Glacier expand to its maximum Little Ice Age position after 1818 A.D., the glacier apparently experienced only minimal retreat prior to first being photographed in 1931.

scholarly journals Holocene glacier history of Frank Mackie Glacier, northern British Columbia Coast Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki M. St-Hilaire ◽  
Dan J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance

Frank Mackie Glacier repeatedly advanced across the Bowser River valley in northwestern British Columbia to impound Tide Lake during the Holocene. The most recent infilling of Tide Lake was associated with a late Little Ice Age glacier advance and ended around 1930 when the lake catastrophically drained. Over the last century Frank Mackie Glacier has retreated and down wasted to reveal multiple glaciogenic sedimentary units within the proximal faces of prominent lateral moraines. The units are separated by buried in-situ tree stumps and laterally contiguous wood mats deposited on paleosols. Dendroglaciological and radiocarbon dating of these wood remains show that Frank Mackie Glacier expanded into standing forests at 3710–3300, 2700–2200, 1700–1290, 900–500, and 250–100 cal. years BP. These advances coincide closely in time with the previously established Tide Lake glacier dam chronology and with the Holocene history of other glaciers in the Bowser River watershed. The findings emphasize the likelihood that most glaciers within northwestern British Columbia underwent substantial size and mass balance changes over the last 4000 years, and often spent hundreds of years in advanced positions before retreating.

Neoglacial Glacier Fluctuations in the Canadian Rockies

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Luckman ◽  
Gerald Holdsworth ◽  
Gerald D. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Glacier Advance

AbstractThe Little Ice Age was the most extensive Neoglacial glacier advance in the Canadian Rockies. Evidence of earlier, less-extensive Neoglacial glacier advances is based on wood recovered from several glacier forefields. Wood flushed out of Athabasca Glacier (7550-8230 yr B.P., three dates) and Dome Glacier (6120-6380 yr B.P., two dates) indicates that forests occurred upvalley of present glacier termini during the Hypsithermal. Detrital logs from Peyto (14 dates), Saskatchewan (3 dates), Robson (3 dates), and Yoho (1 date) Glaciers, plus in situ slumps at Peyto and Robson Glaciers, have yielded 14 C dates between 2490 and 3300 yr B.P. (12 dates between 2800 and 2990). This wood is derived from sources at or upvalley from present glacier termini and represents forests overridden by glaciers between ca. 3100 and 2500 yr B.P. (Treeline was higher than present immediately prior to this advance.) This advance, which did not extend beyond the Little Ice Age maximum position, is designated the Peyto Advance and correlated with the Tiedemann Advance in western British Columbia. Earliest Little Ice Age advances at Peyto and Robson Glaciers are dated ca. 800-600 yr B.P. at positions ca. 500 m upvalley from Little Ice Age limits.

scholarly journals Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
K. Nicolussi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Glacier Advance

As glaciers in the Canadian Rockies recede, glacier forefields continue to yield subfossil wood from sites overridden by these glaciers during the Holocene. Robson Glacier in British Columbia formerly extended below tree line, and recession over the last century has progressively revealed a number of buried forest sites that are providing one of the more complete records of glacier history in the Canadian Rockies during the latter half of the Holocene. The glacier was advancing ca. 5.5 km upvalley of the Little Ice Age terminus ca. 5.26 cal ka BP, at sites ca. 2 km upvalley ca. 4.02 cal ka BP and ca. 3.55 cal ka BP, and 0.5–1 km upvalley between 1140 and 1350 A.D. There is also limited evidence based on detrital wood of an additional period of glacier advance ca. 3.24 cal ka BP. This record is more similar to glacier histories further west in British Columbia than elsewhere in the Rockies and provides the first evidence for a post-Hypsithermal glacier advance at ca. 5.26 cal ka BP in the Rockies. The utilization of the wiggle-matching approach using multiple 14C dates from sample locations determined by dendrochronological analyses enabled the recognition of 14C outliers and an increase in the precision and accuracy of the dating of glacier advances.

Neoglacial history of the Coast Mountains near Bella Coola, British Columbia

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Desloges ◽  
J. M. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Canadian Cordillera ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance ◽  
Bella Coola

The maximum Holocene extent of glaciers in the study area is marked by late Neoglacial (Little Ice Age) terminal moraines. Moraine stratigraphy and 14C dates from a small number of sites suggest that glacier advance, almost as extensive as that of the late Neoglacial, occurred about 2500 14C years BP, and that late Neoglacial advance began well before 770 14C years BP (or the thirteenth century A.D.); glacier termini then stood close to the position of the climax moraines for several centuries. Dates of stabilization of end moraines at 16 glaciers were determined by dendrochronology, with tree-ring counts corrected for sampling errors and ecesis. Most terminal moraines date from 1860 to 1900. Many recessional moraines were formed between 1900 and 1940, coincident with a regionally documented phase of cooler and wetter climate. The proposed chronology is similar to results from elsewhere in the Canadian Cordillera.

Calendar-dated, early 'Little Ice Age' glacier advance at Robson Glacier, British Columbia, Canada

The Holocene ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacier Advance

scholarly journals Little Ice Age history of Tzeetsaytsul Glacier, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Smith ◽  
Joseph R. Desloges
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
Provincial Park

Abstract This paper describes licheno- metric and dendroglaciological investigations of Little Ice Age (LIA) deposits at Tzeetsaytsul Glacier, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia. The glacier originates from an ice- field on the northeast flank of Tzeetsaytsul Peak and terminates in a moraine-dammed lake. A stream draining the lake has incised the moraine dam and flows through nested moraines into a second lake. Two end moraines near the lower lake record separate advances, with numerous morainic ridges found between the two lakes. A locally calibrated Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curve was constructed and provides relative ages for all the moraines. Absolute dates from wood fragments collected from within the morainic debris were determined by matching their annual growth ring patterns to a local Abies lasiocarpa tree-ring chronology. The outermost terminal moraine was deposited by a 17th century advance that culminated in ca. 1700. Following subsequent recession, Tzeetsaytsul Glacier readvanced to build a second terminal moraine by the mid-1800s. Recession of this glacier occurred within 40 years and by 1935 the glacier was beginning to calve into the uppermost lake. The research shows that the most recent LIA advance of Tzeetsaytsul Glacier was not the most extensive, and that multiple events characterized the late-LIA. Application of the Rhizocarpon growth curve indicates a previously unreported 17th century advance at other glaciers in the region. These findings serve to reinforce the synchroneity of late-LIA glacier fluctuations within the coastal cordillera of NW North America suggesting that they record regional climate forcing.

Little Ice Age glacial activity in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave H Lewis ◽  
Dan J Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provincial Park

Dendroglaciological and lichenometric techniques are used to establish the Little Ice Age (LIA) history of two glaciers (Colonel Foster and Septimus) in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Our lichenometric investigations were preceded by the development of a locally calibrated Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curve (1708–1998 A.D.). Documentation of a 3–4-year ecesis interval for both trees and lichen greatly reduces one of the main uncertainties in using geobotanical methods for dating LIA landforms. The moraine dates provided, therefore, give a good approximation of the shift in climate conditions that lead to the retreat of the glaciers and subsequent moraine stabilization. Geobotanical evidence records three synchronous episodes of LIA moraine deposition at both glaciers: two prominent moraines at each site are dated to the early 1700s and late 1800s, with a third, smaller moraine dated to the mid 1930s. Moraines deposited prior to 1397 A.D. were also recorded at Colonel Foster Glacier; however, precise dating of these moraines was not possible. The moraine records from Strathcona Provincial Park suggest two possible modes of glacier response: (i) synchronous responses to larger-scale climatic forcing, and (ii) asynchronous responses to local factors such as microclimate, topography, and glacier geometry. The Vancouver Island LIA record was evaluated in the context of LIA results from the Pacific North American (PNA) Cordillera. It compares well with regional moraine records from coastal British Columbia, Washington, Alaska, and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, suggesting a regional response of PNA glaciers to climate change associated with the LIA.

scholarly journals High‐resolution proglacial lake records of pre‐Little Ice Age glacier advance, northeast Greenland

Boreas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Adamson ◽  
Timothy Lane ◽  
Matthew Carney ◽  
Thomas Bishop ◽  
Cathy Delaney
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Proglacial Lake ◽  
Glacier Advance

scholarly journals Architecture and structural evolution of an early Little Ice Age terminal moraine at the surge-type glacier Múlajökull, Iceland

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ívar Örn Benediktsson ◽  
Anders Schomacker ◽  
Mark D. Johnson ◽  
Alessa J. Geiger ◽  
Ólafur Ingólfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Terminal Moraine

Glacier fluctuations during the past millennium in Garibaldi Provincial Park, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Koch ◽  
John J Clague ◽  
Gerald D Osborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Garibaldi Provincial Park ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Past Millennium

The Little Ice Age glacier history in Garibaldi Provincial Park (southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia) was reconstructed using geomorphic mapping, radiocarbon ages on fossil wood in glacier forefields, dendrochronology, and lichenometry. The Little Ice Age began in the 11th century. Glaciers reached their first maximum of the past millennium in the 12th century. They were only slightly more extensive than today in the 13th century, but advanced at least twice in the 14th and 15th centuries to near their maximum Little Ice Age positions. Glaciers probably fluctuated around these advanced positions from the 15th century to the beginning of the 18th century. They achieved their greatest extent between A.D. 1690 and 1720. Moraines were deposited at positions beyond present-day ice limits throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Glacier fluctuations appear to be synchronous throughout Garibaldi Park. This chronology agrees well with similar records from other mountain ranges and with reconstructed Northern Hemisphere temperature series, indicating global forcing of glacier fluctuations in the past millennium. It also corresponds with sunspot minima, indicating that solar irradiance plays an important role in late Holocene climate change.

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