Yves Bourdet, Joakim Gullstrand et Karin Olofsdotter (dir.), The European Union and Developing Countries. Trade, Aid and Growth in an Integrating World. 2007, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 223 p.

The OECD is leading global efforts to reach an international consensus around the BEPS Project with the G20 support. Action 1 works on the tax challenges of the digital economy and its proposals have been made with the «inclusive framework» participation that brings together more than 137 countries. The article focuses on the legitimacy, operation, and consequences of all this work for developing countries that, according to estimates of the UNCTAD, lost annually U$100 billion due to tax avoidance schemes by MNEs. The OECD/G20 inclusive framework is designing a new global tax structure and its proposals attempt to introduce new rules on taxing rights allocation and distribution. At the same time, some countries have adopted unilateral measures in order to tax some digital businesses. Finally, the European Union Countries continue to delay the adoption of the CCCTB and DST Directive proposals, and the United States has introduced the GILTI legislation that seeks to tax the global intangible income. Everything seems to indicate that in the next years the international tax architecture will be changed in deep.

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The European Union and Developing Countries

10.1057/9780230509184 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Developing Countries ◽

The European Union

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Democratic Empowerment in the European Union, edited by D.Levi‐Faur and F.vanWaarden (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018, ISBN 9781788113557); xvii+292pp., £100.00 hb/£22.00 eBook.

JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies ◽

10.1111/jcms.12904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 913-913

Author(s):

Chris Stafford

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Edward Elgar

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Foreign Direct Investment Between Asian Developing Countries and the EU Member States: The Role of Integration Processes

Comparative Economic Research ◽

10.2478/cer-2013-0009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 5-23

Author(s):

Janina Witkowska

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

East Asia ◽

Direct Investment ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Western Asia ◽

The Eu

This article discusses the conditions surrounding the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) between the developing countries of Asia (East Asia, South-East Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia) and the countries with membership in the European Union (EU), including the so-called ‘new’ Member States (EU12). At the intra-regional and inter-regional levels, the flow is especially affected by the world economic crisis, which has effected changes in the positions of the analyzed countries on a global scale. The integration processes taking place in the EU also significantly affect the intensity of FDI flow within the group, while the processes taking place in the developing countries of Asia are not yet sufficiently enough advanced to significantly affect the flow of FDI. Inter-regional FDI flows take place between the subject regions and sub-regions. The observed phenomenon of emerging Asian net exporters of capital in the form of FDI to the European Union may be strengthened by the process of Asian integration. For the new EU Member States the developing Asian countries may constitute an alternative source of capital in the crisis conditions.

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Measuring Entrepreneurial Orientation of University Employees in Developing Countries Using the ENTRE-U Scale

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8911 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jovana Tatarski ◽

Sandra Brkanlić ◽

Javier Sanchez Garcia ◽

Edgar Breso Esteve ◽

Ivana Brkić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The European Union ◽

University Employees ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Difference ◽

The Republic

This research examines the difference in the level of entrepreneurial orientation among university employees within the European Union compared to university employees in non-EU countries. The EU Member States included in the research are the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, and the non-EU countries include the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Northern Macedonia. In the sample of 1474 respondents, the ENTRE-U scale was used to measure the entrepreneurial orientation of universities, and multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance was used for data processing. The ENTRE-U scale has proven applicable not only to developed countries but also developing countries. Moreover, it proved that being a member of the European Union in this part of Eastern Europe does not significantly affect the entrepreneurial orientation of universities.

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Globalization of Air Transport: The Challenges of the GATS

Tourism Economics ◽

10.5367/000000002101298214 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 431-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hanaa Fayed ◽

John Westlake

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Policy Making ◽

Regional Level ◽

Air Transport ◽

The European Union ◽

Trade In Services ◽

International Policy ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

New Challenges

The impacts of globalization on national and international policy making processes are illustrated by an examination of the effects on air transport industries. Trends towards the liberalization of air transport activities have been noted in many countries, mainly, to date, those of developed or rapidly developing status. Specific demand and supply conditions affect the air transport industries, and a particular regulatory framework has grown up since the 1940s. The study examines trends towards the privatization of airline companies in the context of (a) the development of so-called global ‘alliances’ or ‘partnerships’ and (b) liberalization at regional level and within trade groups such as the European Union. The new challenges of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are considered, especially in terms of how developing countries can develop appropriate policies in response to the forces of globalization, increasing liberalization and competition.

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America, Europe, and the New Trade Order

Business and Politics ◽

10.2202/1469-3569.1263 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Schott

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

European Union ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Competition Policy ◽

Market Access ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Agricultural Market ◽

Multilateral Negotiations ◽

New Millennium

Over the last 60 years, the multilateral management of trade through the GATT and subsequently through the WTO has been led by the United States and Europe. Since the turn of the new millennium, however, developing countries have increasingly used their leverage to insist that talks on agriculture receive priority attention, deny the inclusion of investment and competition policy on the negotiating agenda, and block agreement on negotiating modalities for agriculture and non-agricultural market access (NAMA). Cooperation between the United States and the European Union is still essential, but no longer sufficient, for successful multilateral negotiations. Specifically, the “BRICKs” (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Korea) are likely to be pivotal in directing the course and contributing to the success or failure of the WTO.

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