scholarly journals Changes in the Socio-Economic Pattern of Spanish-American Cities With Special Reference to Colonial Town Centres

2013 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gormsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
American Cities

This paper outlines some of the key changes in the spatial distribution of functions and social classes in Spanish-American cities, with Puebla, Mexico, used as a case study. Among the factors which influence the future of the cities is the changing social structure of the inner zone. Upper class families have moved into modern residential areas while their large colonial patio-houses have been transformed into lower class multi-family quarters known as vecindades.

scholarly journals Gated communities as a symbol of a postmodern city: the case of Prague

Geografie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Tomáš Brabec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Social Polarization

The aim of this article is to present gated communities in Prague in the context of postmodern urbanization. The article focuses on the spatial distribution of gated communities, their social structure and the causes of emergence of these residential objects. The research is based on various scientific methods. The article shows that there is no statistically demonstrable logic behind the spatial distribution of gated communities in Prague. Particularly socially privileged inhabitants and affluent foreigners live in these residential areas. The emergence of gated communities in Prague is linked with various processes of postmodern urbanism (internationalization of capital and labour, social polarization, fragmentation, neoliberalism or postfordism).

scholarly journals International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Martua Sihaloho ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rilus A. Kinseng ◽  
Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Social Climbing

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

scholarly journals Is there an equality in the spatial distribution of urban vitality: A case study of Wuhan in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Guoliang Ou ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Zhongping Zeng ◽  
Qingsong He ◽  
Chaohui Yin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Residential District

Abstract Urban vitality is a spatial phenomenon and a public service. Previous studies often did not measure the fairness of the accessibility of urban vitality. This research analyzed the spatial distribution of urban vitality in Wuhan as a case study area using big data from multiple sources. The study used the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) to measure the accessibility level of each residential district to the vibrant zones (VZs). Furthermore, the inequality in the level of accessibility of residential areas with different housing prices was assessed on the basis of the Gini coefficient. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the Gini coefficient of reaching the accessibility level of high-grade VZs is 0.426, and the corresponding sub-high-grade Gini coefficient is 0.274. This shows that the inequality in accessibility of different residential areas is more obvious as the level of vitality is higher and (2) residential areas with high housing prices have greater accessibility than those areas with low housing prices. It was also noticed that the level of accessibility and fairness in vitality is generally higher in central urban areas than in suburban areas. The Gini coefficient of high-grade vitality is generally higher than that of sub-high-grade. The results of this study provide a reference for researching the accessibility level of urban vitality, which considers the needs of population, and can also provide guidelines in urban planning regarding the allocation of services and resources.

Social Dominance Orientation and Stereotype Influence Perception Of Social Distance Between Classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Chen-Hao Tan ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xin-Min Luo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Insight Into

Social dominance orientation (SDO) and stereotypes about out-groups can influence social distance significantly. We tested the effects of these 2 factors on social distance and a probable mediation effect of upper class stereotype with participants from lower class groups of Chinese people in 3 studies (N = 105 in Study 1; N = 102 in Study 2; N = 112 in Study 3). The results in Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that higher SDO and a more positive stereotype elicited less social distance between lower class and upper class members. In Study 3, the mediation effect of stereotype was also significant. These results provide insight into the mechanism of the perceived social distance between social classes, which is meaningful for social harmony in China.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Marxism in the Movie Jack the Giant Slayer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Badri Akandi ◽  
Dwi Taurina Mila Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rugged Individualism

This research was about Marxism in Jack the Giant Slayer on social class and kind of Marxism. Marxism was an important thing in the society because Marxism wanted to remove social classes. Thus, this research was to describe how social classes could influence someone’s roles in the society. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The research was conducted by accommodating two theories: kinds of Marxism by Tyson (2006) and social class by Barry (2002). Tyson’s theory (2006) classifies Marxism into classism, patriotism, religion, rugged individualism, and consumerism. On the other hand, Barry’s theory (2002) classifies social class into the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The findings of the analysis reveal that there were ten data in Jack the Giant Slayer. The researcher found ten forms of Marxism, There were one form of classism, twelve forms of rugged individualism, and one form of consumerism. The most of kind dominant Marxism was classism. Besides, the researcher found three forms of social class, they were the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. There were four characters of the upper class, one character of the middle class, and two characters of the lower class. The dominant social class was the upper class, which appeared in four characters.

Social Differentiation in Colonial Brazil

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Willems
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Class System ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Social

To the extent that the social sciences have been concerned with thestratification of Latin American societies they have shown a well-knowntendency to dichotomize their structures into a small upper class of wealthy and powerful landowners and a poor and powerless lower class hetero-geneously composed of rural workers, urban proletarians, petty traders, artisans, and the like. As a rule, the emergence of new classes and thegrowing internal differentiation of emergent or traditional classes are somewhat reluctantly admitted only as the societies of Latin America have demonstrated the ability to depart from their agrarian tradition and topursue the irreversible course of modernization. There has been a strong inclination to ignore or to minimize those aspects of the social structure which suggest a higher degree of complexity than the stereotype of a two-class system seems to indicate.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Abdou Sene
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Accounts

The Biafra War has been the subject of many historical accounts and literary texts. Among the novels produced about the Biafra War is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) where the author recounts not only the events leading to the war but also those during and just after the conflict. Though the events of the Biafra War constitute the central theme in Half of a Yellow Sun, Adichie also deals with the relationships among social classes in this novel. One may wonder why the author shows that some upper-class people are keen on their difference, their ‘superiority’, and, on the other hand, people of the upper and middle classes are human and respectful towards lower-class persons. What is the purpose of the writer in drawing this parallel? From a socialist and humanist perspective, this article deals with “bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun.” Based on sociology, psychology, socialism, and humanism, the paper will first deal with the criticism of the Nigerian upper class and then with Adichie’s advocacy for a socialist and humanist society.

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