scholarly journals International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Martua Sihaloho ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rilus A. Kinseng ◽  
Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Social Climbing

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Marxism in the Movie Jack the Giant Slayer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Badri Akandi ◽  
Dwi Taurina Mila Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rugged Individualism

This research was about Marxism in Jack the Giant Slayer on social class and kind of Marxism. Marxism was an important thing in the society because Marxism wanted to remove social classes. Thus, this research was to describe how social classes could influence someone’s roles in the society. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The research was conducted by accommodating two theories: kinds of Marxism by Tyson (2006) and social class by Barry (2002). Tyson’s theory (2006) classifies Marxism into classism, patriotism, religion, rugged individualism, and consumerism. On the other hand, Barry’s theory (2002) classifies social class into the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The findings of the analysis reveal that there were ten data in Jack the Giant Slayer. The researcher found ten forms of Marxism, There were one form of classism, twelve forms of rugged individualism, and one form of consumerism. The most of kind dominant Marxism was classism. Besides, the researcher found three forms of social class, they were the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. There were four characters of the upper class, one character of the middle class, and two characters of the lower class. The dominant social class was the upper class, which appeared in four characters.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI HONORIFIK DAN STATUS SOSIAL DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA

tuahtalino ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Atmawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Class Society

Various titles and honorifics expressions in Javanese society has become particular interest for writer to analyze. The honorific expressions described in this paper include the title of nobility and greeting word in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research uses equality method to review particular lingual unit using determiner tools beyond language. Based on the data and analysis it is known that titles of the nobles are rara, gusti raden ajeng, gusti raden ayu, kanjeng pangeran harya, gusti bendara raden mas, gusti bendara raden ajeng, gusti bendara raden ayu, bendara raden mas, bendara kanjeng pangeran, bendara raden ajeng, bendara raden ayu. Where greeting word based on social class, the writer classifies it into three, upper, middle, and lower class. The greeting word on upper class society are such as papi, mami, papa/papah, mama/mamah, daddy, mom, tante, om, oma, opa, eyang, jeng. The greeting word on middle class society are such as ayah, ibu, bapak, bunda, abi, ummi, paman, bibi, mas, mbak. The greeting word on lower class society are such as pak/bapak, mbok/embok/simbok, biyung, mbakyu, pakdhe, mbokdhe, paklik, bulik. The greeting word are decreasing in number are embok/mbok/simbok dan biyung. Defining the greeting word is tightly associated to social status of the speakers.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CLASS CONFLICT REFLECTED IN “FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD” NOVEL BY THOMAS HARDY

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Manuela Indriati Siahaan ◽  
Tomi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social

This research aimed to analyze social class conflict reflected in novel of Far from the Madding Crowd by Tomas Hardy. This descriptive qualitative research focuses on the social class conflict in England which is reflected in this novel. This study uses a sociological approach and analyzes the distribution of social classes in this novel and the social class conflicts that occur in this novel. The method used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method, namely the author describes, memorizes, and analyzes existing data. Quotations from books in libraries and the internet related to this research. The theory used is the theory of sociology with experts Max Weber and Karl Max.. The theory proposed by Karl Marx is an explicit theory, based on Marx's description of the laws of historical development, capitalism and socialism. Theory of sociology is used to analyze the social class divisions that exist in this novel while Maxisme class theory analyzes the conflicts. The results are have featured three male characters who became the main characters are Mr. Boldwood, Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak coming from three different classes of lower classes, middle classes, and upper classes. The social that happen among of three male character are: First, Bribery are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Upper Class and Middle Class. Second, Arrogance are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Middle Class and Upper Class. Third, are shown conflict between Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak  are representation to Middle Class and Lower Class.

Assimilating and Differentiating: The Curvilinear Effect of Social Class on Green Consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Hean Tat Keh ◽  
Jiemiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Optimal Distinctiveness ◽  
Power Distance Belief ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

Abstract Building on optimal distinctiveness theory, this research examines the effects of social class on green consumption. Across six studies, we find a curvilinear effect of social class on green consumption, with the middle class having greater propensity for green consumption compared to the lower and upper classes. This effect can be explained by tension between need for assimilation (NFA) and need for differentiation (NFD) that varies among the three social classes in establishing their optimally distinctive identities. The lower class has a dominant NFA, the upper class has a dominant NFD, and the middle class has dual motivation for assimilation and differentiation. Concomitantly, green consumption has the dual function of assimilation and differentiation. The middle class perceives green consumption as simultaneously assimilating and differentiating, which satisfies their dual motivation and enhances their propensity for green consumption. By contrast, the lower class perceives the differentiation function of green consumption as contradicting their dominant NFA, and the upper class perceives the assimilation function as contradicting their dominant NFD, which lower both their propensities for green consumption. Furthermore, these effects are moderated by consumers’ power distance belief. These novel findings have significant theoretical and practical implications on building a more sustainable society.

Keep reading and you’ll understand

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

In this chapter Trouillot cross-examines received understandings of Haitian history among the minority of the population that has had the opportunity to attend school. References to folkloric characters in the text disappear, and Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti turns to an analysis of the divisions in social classes during the period of French colonization in Saint-Domingue, portraying the complex and conflicting coalitions of wealthy colonists, black and mulatto freedmen, whites and enslaved people. Each coalition contained its own hidden contradictions and differing priorities: among the enslaved there were domestic slaves, skilled urban slaves, overseers and field laborers. Power-holding wealthy plantation owners and French commissioners exploited racism to draw middle class and lower-class whites into their conspiracy. This chapter establishes the major axes of Saint-Domingue’s organization: the large plantations, slavery, sugarcane monoculture and dependency on France. Trouillot shows that the revolutionary leaders were enslaved people at the top of their social class. Many of them had known forms of freedom, responsibility, leadership and political experience. This political acumen placed those enslaved people and freedmen in a position to seize the reins of power. The powerful plantation owners, commissioners and the military were able to retain dominance providing their coalition remained intact. The white coalition of local plantation owners and the French commissioners underwent a bitter split, opening the way for the enslaved population to rise up and fight for freedom.

scholarly journals The suit maketh the man: Masculinity and social class inKingsman: The Secret Service(Vaughn, 2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
The Way

This article outlines the ways in which suits are synonymous with masculinity examining the, sometimes paradoxical, nature of suits worn by men of all social classes, and for different reasons. For example, hegemonic men wear suits in a bid to convey power, arguably, by rendering the wearers uniform in appearance so that the focus is on what hegemonic men might say and do, rather than how they might look. Moreover, the uniformity of suits is a means by which men of a lower social class demonstrate aspiration to a higher social class and might affect hegemonic power through wearing them. While much has been written about masculinity and suits, with many authors agreeing that the bespoke suit is at the pinnacle of the hierarchy of men’s clothing, yet there is a little attention paid to the way in which the bespoke suit is represented in media or popular culture. This article examines the role of clothing of the main characters in the filmKingsman: The Secret Service(2014) with a particular focus on the contribution that the bespoke suit makes to the masculinity of the bodies of the individuals within the film. Principally, the bespoke suit elevates the body of the wearer from quotidian to tailored, the fitting of which allows for better representation of a man’s body. It will explore representation of middle-class masculinity, hegemony and embodiment in the film, addressing the idea of whether wearing a bespoke suit can help a man transcend the boundaries of ‘chav’ masculinity, which is depicted as male subordination, and rise into middle-class hegemonic masculinity through the character of Gary ‘Eggsy’ Unwin (Taron Egerton).

scholarly journals Sociological Analysis of the Important Characters in Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Made Rai Suarniti
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research is about the sociological problems of five important characters in Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asian. Rachel Chu is the main character in this story comes from the middle class society. She has a relationships with Nicholas Young who comes from the upper class society. They face a lot of problems especially from Nicholas’s family who doesn’t agree with their relationships. Different society influences the character of someone. That’s why this research is aimed to find out the types of social class and the influence of social class on the character that showed in the story. The data were collected by reading the novel thoroughly then using the note-taking technique before being identified based on the topic. The collected data were descriptively analyzed by using qualitative-descriptive method to classify the types of social class and the influence of social class on the character that found in this novel. Based on the result of the research, it is found that there are three kinds of social class in Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asian, those are: Upper class, Middle class and Working class. Rachel Chu who comes from the middle class society has a simple personality. She prefers to save her money for food though she is a lecturer in university rather than her boy friend, Nicholas Young who comes from the worthy family. Nick’s family are also live glamor in Singapore. They spend a lot of money for fashion and jewelry. It much different with Rachel’s mom ( Kerry Chu) who originally comes from  working or lower class society. She fulfills her daughter alone and becomes a single parent because she has divorced with her husband when Rachel still child. This condition make Eleanor Young doesn’t agree with the relationships however the power of love between Nick and Rachel defeated everything. Finally, they become a couple.

Social Class and Ethnicity Effects on Clinical Judgments

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Norman ◽  
Ricardo Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

To resolve conflict between earlier studies finding contradictory recommendations on need for professional help of middle- vs lower-class persons given normal, neurotic, and psychotic behavior descriptions, and to explore ethnicity effects, 92 students (70 Anglo, 22 Chicano) rated fictitious biographical vignettes. A pro-middle-class bias was found consistent with Routh and King's study but inconsistent with that by Schofield and Oakes. Also contrary to the latter, treatment recommendations agreed with ratings. Ethnicity bias appeared, since Anglos recommended Chicanos more often for involuntary hospitalization. Inconsistency between the two earlier studies results from a methodological variation, discussed in this study.

scholarly journals People from lower social classes elicit greater prosociality: Compassion and deservingness matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022098207
Author(s):  
Niels J. Van Doesum ◽  
Paul A. M. Van Lange ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Ana Leal ◽  
Eric Van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Target Class ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
The Uk

People are quick to form impressions of others’ social class, and likely adjust their behavior accordingly. If social class is linked to prosociality, as literature suggests, then an interaction partner’s class should affect prosocial behavior, especially when costs or investments are low. We test this expectation using social mindfulness (SoMi) and dictator games (DG) as complementary measures of prosociality. We manipulate target class by providing information regarding a target’s (a) position on a social class ladder, and (b) family background. Three studies using laboratory and online approaches ( Noverall = 557) in two nations (the Netherlands [NL], the UK), featuring actual and hypothetical exchanges, reveal that lower class targets are met with greater prosociality than higher class targets, even when based on information about the targets’ parents (Study 3). The effect of target class was partially mediated by compassion (Studies 2 and 3) and perceived deservingness of the target (Study 3). Implications and limitations are discussed.

Social-Class Bias in Clinical Judgment and Recommendation for Treatment Using the Biographical Vignette Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Schofield ◽  
James D. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

An autobiographical vignette technique was used with 14 mental hospital attendants and 14 college students rating the severity of emotional problems and recommending various forms of treatment for fictitious individuals. A social-class bias was observed; the lower-class individuals were seen as having a greater need for help than the middle-class individuals, particularly when both were given descriptions of psychotic behavior. However, the recommendation of treatment was not affected by the social class of the individuals. The results are not consistent with those of a recent study by Routh and King which showed middle-class individuals were rated as having a greater need for help than lower-class individuals using a similar vignette technique.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document