RACE, MILIEU, AND MOMENT IN “TITANIC” BY JAMES CAMERON: HISTORICAL APPROACH

Literary criticism is defined as a science and try to investigate literary work with analyse and comparison. The purpose of this study is to get some information and to identify the race milieu and moment in literary work. Outlined Hipollyte Taine perspective in three concepts, namely (1) race, (2) Milieu, and (3) Moment. This phenomenon occurs in Titanic film by James Cameron. The researcher using Qualitative descriptive methods to analyse race, milieu and moment in Titanic film by James Cameron. The data collected by recording the data. Data analysed using Hippolyte Taine and Guerin theory for historical biographical approach. The result of analysis found that the disparity in the status of ship passengers for the poorer and upper classes is depicted in James Cameron's film Titanic as evidence of social class inequality. Because of his act of obtaining an award despite being in the lower class, Jack, as a class representative, does not have the right to be considered a person at the bottom. Mileu pits the position of social class against the community, which is backed up by the class division. Meanwhile, Moment is viewed through the lens of a social class that exists between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, as evidenced by the numerous forms of discrimination discovered.

The Act of Slavery in 20th Century as Reflected in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot

This study aims to analyze the act of slavery that happened in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. The characters that are involved are Pozzo as the master and Lucky as his slave. By analyzing how Pozzo oppresses Lucky, it reflects the act of slavery that also happened in reality in the 20th century when the story was written. This study is a qualitative descriptive method using the sociology of literature approach to reveal the connection between the situations in the play with the situations of the world in the 20th century. The data of this research are collected from the utterances and dialogues of the characters in the text play Waiting for Godot. The result showed that the act of slavery acted by Pozzo and Lucky also happened in the 20th century before, during, and after World War II in the 1940s. An upper-class society would enslave and oppress a lower-class society at the time because they had power and money.

Pembelajaran Pesantren Berbasis Luar Jaringan (Luring) Selama Pandemi Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic period began to shift and shake the order of the learning process that usually takes place, one example is face-to-face learning turning into online learning. Online features seem to be a substitute for offline or face-to-face learning such as schoology, whatsapp, google classroom, moodle, zoom meeting, and several other applications that support learning (Kahfi & Kasanova, 2020). This shift has also begun to create new challenges for the world of Islamic boarding schools, as we all know that Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions that implement a boarding school system. Usually the discipline of the students can be measured through the punctuality of coming to school on time, but now this is an obstacle for the kiai or the asatidz council regarding the learning evaluation process, especially if the students who carry out the learning process with the online system, many from the economy or lower class. those who live in areas that do not support the internet network. Likewise, it is rather difficult to control the students in carrying out activities such as compulsory worship and other circumcision, even though we all know that what is unique about the education system in pesantren is the transfer of knowledge from the kiai or the asatidz council. The focus of this research is the online learning process at the Roudlatul Khuffadz Islamic Boarding School, Sorong Regency. Therefore, the author uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely research that produces descriptive data in the form of words or text and behavior, which can be observed from the subject itself (Kahfi & Kasanova, 2020). This was done to reveal facts about Islamic boarding school learning in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic at the Raudlatul Khuffadz Islamic boarding school, where most Islamic boarding schools were closed or using an online system. Fraenkel and Wallen argue that qualitative research can reveal real events that occur in the field (Kahfi & Kasanova, 2020). The methods that I will use include: Interview or Interview, Observation and Documentation Methods From the results of the study, the authors conclude that: First, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Roudlotul Khuffadz Islamic Boarding School continued to carry out learning as usual (outside the network) while still adhering to health protocols. Second), the obstacles faced by the Roudlotul Khuffadz Islamic Boarding School in learning during the pandemic are first, related to the equipment of medical devices for the prevention of Covid-19. Second, Infaq as one of the financial income of pesantren tends to decrease due to the impact of the guardians who are also affected by Covid-19 from an economic perspective.

Conflicts of Social Class in Movies

Social conflict happens due to diversities of opinion, culture, and ideology in the certain society. It can be discovered in every stratum of society level, social conflict can occur in the upper, middle and lower class. This study explained social class conflicts which were taken from two movies: Parasite (2019) and Joker (2019). This study uses a comparative literary theory by Sussan Bassnet. Th study also used focused on the social class conflict theory by Lewis Coser and the classification of people by Karl Max. The method used in this research is descriptive in technique of analyzing the data was obtaining by categorizing, describing and interpreting the data, then making conclusion. The result showed that in the Parasite and the Joker movies contained of social class conflict, it occurred inter classes of people in a society. based on analysis, it concluded that both of the movie has differences in the social class conflict and the causes of the conflict itself. However, both movies have the same consequences of the conflict. In the Parasite movie social class conflict occurred inter the lower class. While, in the Joker movie, the social class conflict occurred between the upper and lower class.

Bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)

The Biafra War has been the subject of many historical accounts and literary texts. Among the novels produced about the Biafra War is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) where the author recounts not only the events leading to the war but also those during and just after the conflict. Though the events of the Biafra War constitute the central theme in Half of a Yellow Sun, Adichie also deals with the relationships among social classes in this novel. One may wonder why the author shows that some upper-class people are keen on their difference, their ‘superiority’, and, on the other hand, people of the upper and middle classes are human and respectful towards lower-class persons. What is the purpose of the writer in drawing this parallel? From a socialist and humanist perspective, this article deals with “bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun.” Based on sociology, psychology, socialism, and humanism, the paper will first deal with the criticism of the Nigerian upper class and then with Adichie’s advocacy for a socialist and humanist society.

To See and to Tell: Lessing’s Criticism of Ageism in The Diary of a Good Neighbor

The Diary of a Good Neighbor is one of a series of works concerning age problems in the contemporary western society written by the Nobel laureate Doris Lessing. Through the record of the last days of Maudie Fowler, a ninety-two-year-old lower-class woman by a middle-aged professional Jane Somers, Lessing questions the modern social care system and criticizes the hidden social prejudice against the elderly. Lessing observes the defect of the modern social care institutions in oppressing individual choice and excluding aged people, and points out the professional service they provide cannot really comfort the aged individuals, which constructs a dilemma for both the institutions and the aged group. Different from the ageist neglect of the aged group, Lessing gives a detailed exhibition of both Maudie’s daily life and her inner world, which builds a personal connection between the old and the young and draws this isolated group close to the public. Lessing also explores the taboo topic of old age, sickness and death and gives a full display of Maudie’s tenacious wrestling with death, which shows the sublime of human life and challenges the ageist view of the co-decaying of spirit and body.

Class Distinction in Zakia Mashhadi's The Cover Faces

Society is a combination of the upper and the lower class:The upper class or Bourgeoisie is busy in their world endeavors and their quest for 'more and more; whereas, in contrast, the lower class or proletariat strives for a proper one-time meal. Over time, this disparity between the classes gets horrible. The drastic consequences of this disparity become observable in society in hatred and injustice. Different authors of colonial India have jotted down social imbalances of the subcontinent, including Zakia Mashhadi. Her short story, ‘The Cover Faces’,extracted from an English translated collection ‘In Search of Butterflies’ by Saeed Naqvi (2017), was taken for qualitative textual analysis under Lois Tyson’s (2006) ‘Theory of Class Distinction’. Zakia Mashhadi showed the two parallel classes in society, where Bourgeoisie have almost everything;however, in the same society, Bourgeoisie even deprived the proletariat of the fundamental rights and necessities of life

PEREMPUAN, ALAM, SILUMAN, DAN TABU DALAM NOVEL BURAK SILUMAN KARYA MOH. AMBRI: TINJAUAN REALISME MAGIS

Women, nature, ghost, and taboo are the main discourses related to magical realism in “Burak Siluman”, a novel by Moh. Ambri. In Burak Siluman, women (the main sign) were connected to the discourse of nature, ghost, and taboo. In it, women represent the suppressed desires of the lower class for wealth, position, honor wrapped in narratives of fascination, search, wandering, misfortune, and a curse. Discourses on the supernatural, half-ghost, and taboo legends in the novel are important traditional realities that are studied and seen by the workings of the concepts of magical realism in the colonial period of the Dutch East Indies. The main problem is: how does the concept of magical realism affect the construction of the world (physical and supernatural), especially related to ghost and taboo narratives in “Burak Siluman”. Thus, the main objective of this research is the interaction of the influence of magical realism on narratives construction related to women, nature, ghost, and taboo. To resolve the issue, the concept of contemporary magical realism is used from a postcolonial perspective. The results of this study is the placement of the "between" space (magic in rational) which is represented in the wandering figure is the core idea of ​​magical realism in “Burak Siluman”.

Big Book in Early Reading Learning in Lower-Class Elementary School

Problems at the initial reading stage must be overcome so that students do not have difficulty in reading. Efforts are made to overcome the problem of reading at the beginning of grade I elementary school students by using big book learning media. This research aims to know: (1) the use of the big book in reading learning begins. (2) student learning outcomes by using big books in initial reading activities in Karangpatihan 3 Elementary School. This research is qualitative research with a type of descriptive research. The study subjects were students of class I SDN 3 Karangpatihan, totaling 23 people. Data collection techniques in the form of tests and observations. The results showed an average score at the pre-tests of 75.43 and post-tests 80.65. Post-test results showed 13 students in the good category at 56.52% and 10 students in the good category with a percentage of 43.48%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Big Book media positively influences the ability to read the beginning in 1st-grade students in Karangpatihan 3 Elementary School.

O estado do conhecimento sobre os egressos da EJA e sua permanência na universidade

O presente artigo situa um estudo do tipo estado do conhecimento com o objetivo de mapear o que se tem produzido acerca dos sujeitos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Ensino Superior em diferentes plataformas de socialização dos trabalhos acadêmicos, tais como Banco de Teses e Dissertações, artigos em periódicos e anais de eventos. O levantamento apresenta elementos de natureza teórica e permite conhecer o que já foi pesquisado e publicado sobre a inserção de alunos egressos da EJA no ensino superior, nos últimos 11 anos (2008-2018), período que marca a implementação de políticas públicas de inclusão das camadas populares no âmbito do ensino superior. Nos resultados da investigação foram identificados vinte e quatro trabalhos que tratam dos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no ensino superior, debatendo os processos, trajetórias, os sentidos e seus sentimentos nesse nível de ensino, e apontam para a importância dessas políticas públicas para o acesso e a permanência na continuidade dos estudos. Em virtude disso, a criação desses programas pode possibilitar aos discentes não somente a qualificação para o mundo de trabalho, mas, também, o prosseguimento desses estudos, sendo essa uma forma de se encontrarem, se perceberem socialmente inseridos no âmbito da sociedade, já que são vistos, muitas vezes, com olhares estereotipados. Portanto, o estudo evidencia a necessidade de estudos acerca dos sujeitos advindos das camadas populares que ingressam no ensino superior.Palavras-chave: Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Ensino Superior; Egressos da EJA.The status of knowledge about EJA graduates and their stay at the universityABSTRACTThis paper presents a state of knowledge study aimed at mapping what has been produced about the Youth and Adult Education (EJA) graduates in Higher Education in different platforms for the publication of academic works, such as the Theses and Dissertations Bank, journal papers and conference proceedings. The survey presents theoretical elements and allows knowing what has been researched and published on the insertion of EJA graduates in higher education in the last 11 years (2008-2018), a period that marks the implementation of public policies for the inclusion of the lower classes in higher education. The results of the investigation pointed to twenty-four works dealing with graduates of Youth and Adult Education in higher education debating the processes, trajectories, meanings and feelings in higher education, and also point to the importance of these public policies for the access and the permanence at school. As a result, the creation of these programs can enable students not only to qualify for jobs, but also to pursue these studies, which is a way to meet people, to perceive themselves as socially inserted in the scope of society, since they are often seen with stereotyped looks. The study also highlights the need for studies on lower-class subjects who enter higher education.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education; Higher Education; EJA graduates.El estado del conocimiento de los egresados de EJA y su permanencia en la universidadRESUMENEl presente artículo sitúa un estudio del tipo estado del conocimiento con el objetivo de mapear lo producido sobre los jutetos egresados de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en la Educación Superior en diferentes plataformas de publicación de trabajos académicos, tales como el Banco de Tesis y Disertaciones, artículos en revistas y anales de eventos. La encuesta presenta elementos de naturaleza teórica y permite conocer lo investigado y publicado sobre la inserción de los egresados de EJA en la educación superior en los últimos 11 años (2008-2018), período que marca la implementación de políticas públicas para la inclusión de las capas populares en la educación superior. Los resultados de la investigación sinalizaron para veinticuatro trabajos que tratan con egresados de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en la educación superior debatiendo los procesos, trayectorias, significados y sentimientos en la educación superior, y apuntan para la importancia de estas políticas públicas para el acceso y la permanencia en la continuidad de los estudios. En virtud de eso, la creación de estos programas puede permitir a los estudiantes no solo la calificación para para el mundo laboral, sino también para continuar estos estudios, siendo esa una forma de encontrarse, de percibirse socialmente insertados en el ámbito de la sociedad, ya que son visto a menudo con miradas estereotipadas. Por tanto, el estudio evidencia la necesidad de estudios sobre los sujetos vindos de las capas populares que ingresan a la educación superior. Palabras clave: Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos; Enseñanza Superior; Graduados EJA.