Between Cure and Prosthesis : ‘Good Fit’ in Artificial Eardrums

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaipreet Virdi
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Deaf Person ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
History Of

Placing the history of artificial eardrums against the backdrop of medical consumerism and advertising culture, this chapter reveals how the commericalisation of assistive technologies can blur the boundaries between prosthetics and cures. Unlike assistive aids to hearing, artificial eardrums were initially constructed as a surgical prosthetic, a replacement of a damaged part to become integrated with a user’s body. By the 1880s, however, the device captured the imagination of British and American inventors and new manufacturing firms who distanced the surgical mark of the device while still adhering to standards of its design. As the device was invisible to both the observer and the wearer, their promotion as ‘cure’ rendered deafness as a sigma, a misery that required medico-technological intervention to integrate the deaf person into hearing society.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA ECONÔMICA DO SEGMENTO DA MADEIRA COMPENSADA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Borelli Polzl ◽  
Anadalvo Juazeiro Dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo Berger ◽  
Luiz Roberto Graça ◽  
Priscilla Klingelfus Polzl
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Plywood Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Efficiency Rate

O segmento produtivo da madeira compensada passa por reestruturações mundiais, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência econômica deste segmento para propor medidas estratégicas às empresas do segmento, através da análise de sua eficiência econômica. Neste sentido, são analisados indicadores de Lucratividade e Índice de Eficiência Econômica. Os dados foram obtidos durante os meses de Março a Maio de 2002, através de amostragem de 32% das empresas e 39,79% do volume produzido no Paraná. Observa-se que as empresas que fabricam compensados decorativos possuem as maiores lucratividades, as empresas de compensados de Pinus apresentam eficiência econômica maior. Bem como as empresas de pequeno porte embora sejam predominantes são, em geral, as menos eficientes e menos lucrativas. Através destas informações foi possível embasar e definir estratégias empresariais e setoriais. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PLYWOOD SECTOR IN THE STATE OF PARANA Abstract The economic history of Paraná State has shown a close linkage to the Forest sector, and nowadays this sector still has a large influence in the State’s economy. For this reason, economic and productive evaluation of the plywood segment is relevant in order to provide information for strengthening the industrial timber sector as a whole, and specifically the veneer and plywood industry. This study tackles on identifying the economic eficiency of these industries. The data used in this research was gathered through a questionnaires addressed to a number of 39 plywood manufacturing firms (32% of all). The sampling was carried out between the months of March and May of 2002, and gave elements to caculete indexes of cost structure, profitality and the Economic Efficiency Rate (IEE). This study could be used as a reference for the sector’s planning and also for establishing public policy in the State of Paraná.

The Rise and Fall of State Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Castelar Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Second Period

We can divide the history of Brazilian state-owned enterprise (SOEs) into two periods. In the first (1930s to late 1970s), SOEs were a policy instrument in state-led industrialization. They produced manufactured goods, supplied cheap inputs to private manufacturing firms, and financed those companies with long-term, subsidized loans. In the second period (1980s to the early 2000s), Brazil privatized several of its main SOEs. Privatization was mainly seen as an answer to macroeconomic problems and did not result from a national ideological about-face; indeed, most Brazilians continued to trust the state to lead development. Thus, the fall of SOEs was relative. Large companies such as Petrobrás and Eletrobrás continue in state hands. Moreover, the Lula and Rousseff administrations created several SOEs and strengthened others. And the state developed new channels to influence private investment, through a network of equity participations in private companies, held by BNDES and SOE pension funds.

Support of Gamification, Virtual, and Assistive Technologies in Intervening in Social and Behavioral Impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Hiten Rajpurohit ◽  
Arun Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
The Cost

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential of an individual. Technological intervention can play a big role and is capable of reducing the cost of present medical intervention. Games based on daily life activities can play big roles in improving social skills. One can easily customize games as per requirement or as specific to particular social skills for children to improve their respective social skills. Children find it easy to associate with these games since these games involve scenes related to their daily routine and don't involve any complex set of rules to be followed. Even parents, family members, and teachers can also help in playing these games at an initial level without any need for specialization or special training.

From Wood to Bits to Silicon Chips

2010 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Debbie A. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Synthesized Speech ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Fields

This chapter lists some of the key inventions and applications in the history of computer synthesized speech (CSS). Starting with a brief look at the early synthesis machines—precursors to the computerized renditions of the 20th century—the chapter proceeds to look at the strides made by corporations, such as Bell Labs, IBM, Apple Inc., and Microsoft, in creating assistive technologies that tap into the benefits of CSS. There is also a discussion on developments in the fields of Neuroscience, Robotics, and the non-scientific fields of Composition and the Arts. Finally, the chapter explores how CSS has permeated the popular culture mediums of film and television, sometimes in parallel and sometimes as antecedents to current day inventions.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION AND INFERENCE FOR MOMENTS OF RATIOS WITH ROBUSTNESS AGAINST LARGE TRIMMING BIAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Yuya Sasaki ◽  
Takuya Ura
Keyword(s):  
Bias Correction ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
Heavy Tailed Distribution ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Heavy Tailed

Researchers often trim observations with small values of the denominator A when they estimate moments of the form $\mathbb {E}[B/A]$ . Large trimming is common in practice to reduce variance, but it incurs a large bias. This paper provides a novel method of correcting the large trimming bias. If a researcher is willing to assume that the joint distribution between A and B is smooth, then the trimming bias may be estimated well. Along with the proposed bias correction method, we also develop an inference method. Practical advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulation studies, where the data generating process entails a heavy-tailed distribution of $B/A$ . Applying the proposed method to the Compustat database, we analyze the history of external financial dependence of U.S. manufacturing firms for years 2000–2010.

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