scholarly journals Peer Review #3 of "Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development (v0.1)"

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pleasants
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Danaus Plexippus

scholarly journals Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N Capdevielle ◽  
John D Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae, but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Using in situ field warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared on Asclepias tuberosa grown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1˚ C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects ofin situclimate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N. Capdevielle ◽  
John D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Usingin situfield warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared onAsclepias tuberosagrown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1 °C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N Capdevielle ◽  
John D Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae, but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Using in situ field warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared on Asclepias tuberosa grown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1˚ C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

scholarly journals Leaf and community photosynthetic carbon assimilation of alpine plants under in-situ warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Zijuan ◽  
Su Peixi ◽  
Wu Xiukun ◽  
Shi Rui ◽  
Ding Xinjing
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Abstract Background: The Tibetan Plateau is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures and has experienced significant climate warming in the last decades. While climate warming is known to greatly impact alpine ecosystems, the gas exchange responses at the leaf and community levels to climate warming in alpine meadow ecosystems remain unclear.Results: In this study, the alpine grass, Elymus nutans, and forb, Potentilla anserina, were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) for three consecutive years to evaluate their response to warming. Gas exchange measurements were used to assess the effects of in-situ warming on leaf- and community-level photosynthetic carbon assimilation based on leaf traits and photosynthetic physiological parameters. We introduced a means of up-scaling photosynthetic measurements from the leaf level to the community level based on six easily-measurable parameters, including leaf net photosynthetic rate, fresh leaf mass per unit leaf area, fresh weight of all plant leaves, the percentage of healthy leaves, the percentage of received effective light by leaves in the community, and community coverage. The community-level photosynthetic carbon assimilation and productivity all increased with warming, and the net photosynthetic rate at the leaf level was significantly higher than at the community level. Under elevated temperature, the net photosynthetic rate of E. nutans decreased, while that of P. anserina increased.Conclusions: These results indicated that climate warming may significantly influence plant carbon assimilation, which could alter alpine meadow community composition in the future.

scholarly journals A Method for Experimental Warming of Developing Tree Seeds With A Common Garden Demonstration of Seedling Responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehren Reid Von Moler ◽  
Gerald Page ◽  
Lluvia Flores-Renteria ◽  
Cory Garms ◽  
Julia Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract BackgroundForest dieback driven by rapid climate warming threatens ecosystems worldwide. The health of forested ecosystems depends on how tree species respond to warming during all life history stages. While it is known that seed development is temperature-sensitive, little is known about possible effects of climate warming on seed development and subsequent seedling performance. Exposure of seeds to high air temperatures may influence subsequent seedling performance negatively, though conversely, warming during seed development may aid acclimation of seedlings to subsequent thermal stress. Technical challenges associated with in-situ warming of developing tree seeds limit understanding of how tree species may respond to seed development in a warmer climate. ResultsWe developed and validated a simple method for passively warming seeds as they develop in tree canopies to enable controlled study of climate warming on seedling performance. We quantified thermal effects of the cone-warming method across individual pine trees and stands by measuring the air temperature surrounding seed cones using thermal loggers and the temperature of seed cone tissue using thermocouples. We then investigated seedling phenotypes in relation to the warming method through a common garden study. We assessed plant morphological, physiological, and mycorrhizal nodulation in response to cone-warming for 20 seed source trees on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. The warming method increased air temperature surrounding developing seed cones by 2.1◦C, a plausible increase in mean air temperature by 2050 under current climate projections. Notable effect sizes of cone-warming were detected for seedling root length, shoot length, and diameter at root collar using Cohen’s Local f 2. Root length was most affected by cone-warming, however, effect sizes of cone-warming on root length and diameter at root collar became negligible after the first year of growth. Cone-warming had small but significant effects on mycorrhizal fungal richness and seedling multispectral near-infrared indices indicative of plant health. ConclusionsThe method was shown to reliably elevate the temperature surrounding seed cones and thereby facilitate experimental in-situ climate change research on forest trees. The method was furthermore shown to influence plant traits that may affect seedling performance under climate warming.

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