scholarly journals Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N Capdevielle ◽  
John D Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae, but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Using in situ field warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared on Asclepias tuberosa grown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1˚ C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects ofin situclimate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N. Capdevielle ◽  
John D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Usingin situfield warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared onAsclepias tuberosagrown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1 °C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus) development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Lemoine ◽  
Jillian N Capdevielle ◽  
John D Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupal Mass

Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae, but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Using in situ field warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larvae. Monarchs were reared on Asclepias tuberosa grown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1˚ C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

Dispersal-limited detritivores in fire-prone environments: persistence and population structure of terrestrial amphipods (Talitridae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Menz ◽  
H. Gibb ◽  
N. P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Impact

Invertebrate detritivores play a critical role in the decomposition of litter, an important component of wildfire fuel. Knowledge of invertebrate response to fire is often hampered by taxonomic resolution; however, genetic species identification can enable analysis of fine-scale assemblages and the interaction between dispersal and population recovery. In this study, we ask: do terrestrial amphipod assemblages differ following increasing fire severities and does population structure indicate in situ survival or recolonisation following severe fires? Using seven replicate sites over three fire severities, we measured amphipod abundance at the site of the catastrophic 2009 ‘Black Saturday’ fires in south-east Australia. Genetic analyses to distinguish species and population structure revealed 16 species. Populations of Arcitalitrus sylvaticus were highly structured, suggesting limited dispersal. Amphipod abundance and species richness were not affected by fire severity 3 years after fire. Localised population structure within A. sylvaticus suggests that in situ survival enabled amphipods to repopulate severely burnt sites. The genetic analyses used in this study enabled the detection of unrecognised diversity and population structure in these detritivores. With many detritivores showing similar life history strategies, studies that combine a genetic and ecological approach are essential for understanding the impact of fire on litter decomposition.

In situ Quantification of the Impact of Episodic Enhanced Turbulent Events in Large Phytoplankton

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy L. Donaghay ◽  
Jan Rines ◽  
James Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
The Impact

Bayesian analysis reveals the impact of load partitioning on microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V during in-situ tensile loading

Materialia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100993
Author(s):  
N. Armstrong ◽  
P.A. Lynch ◽  
P. Cizek ◽  
S.R. Kada ◽  
S. Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Atmospheric Warming on Staple Crop Growth in China in the 1960s and 2000s

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Yu ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Lijun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
East China ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Responses of crop growth to climate warming are fundamental to future food security. The response of crops to climate change may be subtly different at their growing stages. Close insights into the differentiated stage-dependent responses of crops are significantly important in making adaptive adjustments of crops’ phenological optimization and cultivar improvement in diverse cropping systems. Using the Agro-C model, we studied the influence of past climate warming on crops in typical cropping systems in China. The results showed that while the temperature had increased distinctly from the 1960s to 2000s, the temperature frequency distributions in the growth season of crops moved to the high-temperature direction. The low temperature days during the crop growth periods that suppress crop growth decreased in the winter wheat area in North and East China, rice and maize areas in Northeast China, and the optimum temperature days increased significantly. As a result, the above ground biomass (AGB) of rice and maize in Northeast China and winter wheat in North and East China increased distinctly, while that of rice in South China had no significant change. A comparison of the key growth periods before and after heading (silking) showed that the warming before heading (silking) made a great contribution to the increase in the AGB, especially for winter wheat.

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