In situ Quantification of the Impact of Episodic Enhanced Turbulent Events in Large Phytoplankton

Solid-phase extraction embedded dialysis (SPEED technology) is an innovative procedure developed to physically separate in-situ, during the cultivation, the mycelium of filament forming microorganisms, such as actinomycetes and fungi, and the XAD-16 resin used to trap the secreted specialized metabolites. SPEED consists of an external nylon cloth and an internal dialysis tube containing the XAD resin. The dialysis barrier selects the molecular weight of the trapped compounds, and prevents the aggregation of biomass or macromolecules on the XAD beads. The external nylon promotes the formation of a microbial biofilm, making SPEED a biofilm supported cultivation process. SPEED technology was applied to the marine Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21, isolated from a core of a submerged Kopara sampled at 20 m from the border of a saltwater pond. The chemical space of this strain was investigated effectively using a dereplication strategy based on molecular networking and in-depth chemical analysis. The results highlight the impact of culture support on the molecular profile of Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21 secondary metabolites.

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The Impact of Nano CaCO3 Modified in situ with Methacrylic Acid on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber

Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed ◽

10.1007/s11595-020-2369-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1169-1176

Author(s):

Zongqiang Zeng ◽

Yongzhen Li ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Pengfei Zhao

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Methacrylic Acid ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

The Impact

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Morphology and crystallization kinetics of Rubber-modified Nylon 6 Prepared by Anionic In-situ Polymerization

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2020-0020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 204-215

Author(s):

Hongkai Zhao ◽

Dengchao Zhang ◽

Yingshuang Li

Keyword(s):

Crystallization Kinetics ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Good Description ◽

Nylon 6 ◽

Avrami Equation ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

Chain Segment ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinetics Of

AbstractIn this work, we modified nylon 6 with liquid rubber by in-situ polymerization. The infrared analysis suggested that HDI urea diketone is successfully blocked by caprolactam after grafting on hydroxyl of HTPB, and the rubber-modified nylon copolymer is generated by the anionic polymerization. The impact section analysis indicated the rubber-modified nylon 6 resin exhibited an alpha crystal form.With an increase in the rubber content, nylon 6 was more likely to generate stable α crystal. Avrami equation was a good description of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon-6 and rubber-modified nylon-6 resin. Moreover, it is found that the initial crystallization temperature of nylon-6 chain segment decreased due to the flexible rubber chain segment. n value of rubber-modified nylon-6 indicated that its growth was the coexistence of two-dimensional discoid and three-dimensional spherulite growth. Finally, the addition of the rubber accelerated the crystallization rate of nylon 6.

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Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ: a systematic review for the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC)

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-021-07873-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Canelo-Aybar ◽

Alvaro Taype-Rondan ◽

Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka ◽

David Rigau ◽

Axel Graewingholt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Breast Conserving Surgery ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Treatment Change ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of preoperative MRI in the management of Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs) or cohort studies assessing the impact of preoperative breast MRI in surgical outcomes, treatment change or loco-regional recurrence. We provided pooled estimates for odds ratios (OR), relative risks (RR) and proportions and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Results We included 3 RCTs and 23 observational cohorts, corresponding to 20,415 patients. For initial breast-conserving surgery (BCS), the RCTs showed that MRI may result in little to no difference (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00) (low certainty); observational studies showed that MRI may have no difference in the odds of re-operation after BCS (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.36 to 2.61) (low certainty); and uncertain evidence from RCTs suggests little to no difference with respect to total mastectomy rate (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.27) (very low certainty). We also found that MRI may change the initial treatment plans in 17% (95% CI 12 to 24%) of cases, but with little to no effect on locoregional recurrence (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.76) (very low certainty). Conclusion We found evidence of low to very low certainty which may suggest there is no improvement of surgical outcomes with pre-operative MRI assessment of women with DCIS lesions. There is a need for large rigorously conducted RCTs to evaluate the role of preoperative MRI in this population. Key Points • Evidence of low to very low certainty may suggest there is no improvement in surgical outcomes with pre-operative MRI. • There is a need for large rigorously conducted RCTs evaluating the role of preoperative MRI to improve treatment planning for DCIS.

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Assessing an Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for Time Series of Satellite-Based Water-Leaving Reflectance Using Match-Up Sites in Australian Coastal Waters

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13101927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1927

Author(s):

Fuqin Li ◽

David Jupp ◽

Thomas Schroeder ◽

Stephen Sagar ◽

Joshua Sixsmith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Atmospheric Correction ◽

Correction Method ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Correction Algorithm ◽

Simple Method ◽

North East ◽

The Impact

An atmospheric correction algorithm for medium-resolution satellite data over general water surfaces (open/coastal, estuarine and inland waters) has been assessed in Australian coastal waters. In situ measurements at four match-up sites were used with 21 Landsat 8 images acquired between 2014 and 2017. Three aerosol sources (AERONET, MODIS ocean aerosol and climatology) were used to test the impact of the selection of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström coefficient on the retrieved accuracy. The initial results showed that the satellite-derived water-leaving reflectance can have good agreement with the in situ measurements, provided that the sun glint is handled effectively. Although the AERONET aerosol data performed best, the contemporary satellite-derived aerosol information from MODIS or an aerosol climatology could also be as effective, and should be assessed with further in situ measurements. Two sun glint correction strategies were assessed for their ability to remove the glint bias. The most successful one used the average of two shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands to represent sun glint and subtracted it from each band. Using this sun glint correction method, the mean all-band error of the retrieved water-leaving reflectance at the Lucinda Jetty Coastal Observatory (LJCO) in north east Australia was close to 4% and unbiased over 14 acquisitions. A persistent bias in the other strategy was likely due to the sky radiance being non-uniform for the selected images. In regard to future options for an operational sun glint correction, the simple method may be sufficient for clear skies until a physically based method has been established.

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In-Situ Measurement of Power Loss for Crystalline Silicon Modules Undergoing Thermal Cycling and Mechanical Loading Stress Testing

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14010072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Sergiu Spataru ◽

Peter Hacke ◽

Dezso Sera

Keyword(s):

Thermal Cycling ◽

Power Loss ◽

Stress Testing ◽

Series Resistance ◽

Short Circuit ◽

In Situ Measurement ◽

Mechanical Degradation ◽

Model Parameters ◽

The Impact

An in-situ method is proposed for monitoring and estimating the power degradation of mc-Si photovoltaic (PV) modules undergoing thermo-mechanical degradation tests that primarily manifest through cell cracking, such as mechanical load tests, thermal cycling and humidity freeze tests. The method is based on in-situ measurement of the module’s dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve during the stress test, as well as initial and final module flash testing on a Sun simulator. The method uses superposition of the dark I-V curve with final flash test module short-circuit current to account for shunt and junction recombination losses, as well as series resistance estimation from the in-situ measured dark I-Vs and final flash test measurements. The method is developed based on mc-Si standard modules undergoing several stages of thermo-mechanical stress testing and degradation, for which we investigate the impact of the degradation on the modules light I-V curve parameters, and equivalent solar cell model parameters. Experimental validation of the method on the modules tested shows good agreement between the in-situ estimated power degradation and the flash test measured power loss of the modules, of up to 4.31 % error (RMSE), as the modules experience primarily junction defect recombination and increased series resistance losses. However, the application of the method will be limited for modules experiencing extensive photo-current degradation or delamination, which are not well reflected in the dark I-V characteristic of the PV module.

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Natural dimethyl sulfide gradients would lead marine predators to higher prey biomass

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01668-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kylie Owen ◽

Kentaro Saeki ◽

Joseph D. Warren ◽

Alessandro Bocconcelli ◽

David N. Wiley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Zooplankton Biomass ◽

Foraging Success ◽

Spatially Correlated ◽

Prey Biomass ◽

Marine Predators ◽

Predator Foraging ◽

The Impact

AbstractFinding prey is essential to survival, with marine predators hypothesised to track chemicals such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) while foraging. Many predators are attracted to artificially released DMS, and laboratory experiments have shown that zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton accelerates DMS release. However, whether natural DMS concentrations are useful for predators and correlated to areas of high prey biomass remains a fundamental knowledge gap. Here, we used concurrent hydroacoustic surveys and in situ DMS measurements to present evidence that zooplankton biomass is spatially correlated to natural DMS concentration in air and seawater. Using agent simulations, we also show that following gradients of DMS would lead zooplankton predators to areas of higher prey biomass than swimming randomly. Further understanding of the conditions and scales over which these gradients occur, and how they are used by predators, is essential to predicting the impact of future changes in the ocean on predator foraging success.

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Heart-related mortality after postoperative breast irradiation in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ in the contemporary radiotherapy era

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82263-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Jin Lim ◽

Jaemoon Koh

Keyword(s):

Competing Risks ◽

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Young Patients ◽

Subdistribution Hazard ◽

The Impact ◽

Related Mortality

AbstractAlthough radiation-induced cardiotoxicity has been addressed, its prognostic relevance to modern radiotherapy (RT) techniques is unclear. This study assessed the impact of adjuvant RT on heart-related deaths in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. Patients who underwent adjuvant RT after breast-conserving surgery between 1988 and 2008 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Kaplan‒Meier and competing risks analyses were conducted after propensity score-matching according to tumor laterality. A total of 41,526 propensity-matched patients were identified (n = 20,763 for either left- or right-sided tumor). In the analysis of the cumulative incidence of heart-related mortality events, there was a greater risk increment in the left-sided group over the first to second decades after RT in patients aged ≤ 50 years (P = 0.048). Competing risks analysis of the young patients showed that left-sided RT was associated with higher heart-related mortality rates (Grey’s test, P = 0.049). The statistical significance remained after adjusting for other covariates (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.35; 95% confidence interval 1.09‒5.10). Regarding the intrinsic effect of modern RT techniques, further strategies to reduce heart-related risks are needed for young patients. Close surveillance within an earlier follow-up period should be considered for these patients in clinics.

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Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00958-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emma T. Helm ◽

Eric R. Burrough ◽

Fernando L. Leite ◽

Nicholas K. Gabler

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Intestinal Function ◽

Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Swine Herds ◽

The Impact ◽

Lesion Severity

AbstractLawsonia intracellularis is endemic to swine herds worldwide, however much is still unknown regarding its impact on intestinal function. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the impact of L. intracellularis on digestive function, and how vaccination mitigates these impacts. Thirty-six L. intracellularis negative barrows were assigned to treatment groups (n = 12/trt): (1) nonvaccinated, L. intracellularis negative (NC); (2) nonvaccinated, L intracellularis challenged (PC); and (3) L. intracellularis challenged, vaccinated (Enterisol® Ileitis, Boehringer Ingelheim) 7 weeks pre-challenge (VAC). On days post-inoculation (dpi) 0 PC and VAC pigs were inoculated with L. intracellularis. From dpi 19–21 fecal samples were collected for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and at dpi 21, pigs were euthanized for sample collection. Post-inoculation, ADG was reduced in PC pigs compared with NC (41%, P < 0.001) and VAC (25%, P < 0.001) pigs. Ileal gross lesion severity was greater in PC pigs compared with NC (P = 0.003) and VAC (P = 0.018) pigs. Dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, and energy ATTD were reduced in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤ 0.001 for all). RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed abolition of sucrase-isomaltase transcript in the ileum of PC pigs compared with NC and VAC pigs (P < 0.01). Conversely, abundance of stem cell signaling markers Wnt3, Hes1, and p27Kip1 were increased in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤ 0.085). Taken together, these data demonstrate that reduced digestibility during L. intracellularis challenge is partially driven by abolition of digestive machinery in lesioned tissue. Further, vaccination mitigated several of these effects, likely from lower bacterial burden and reduced disease severity.

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