scholarly journals Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects on Gentiana lutea reproductive success

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Sobral ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
Javier Guitián ◽  
José Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea, play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering the following questions: i) Do insect herbivores and grazing livestock show flower color preferences when feeding on G. lutea? ii) Do mutualists (pollinators) and antagonists (seed predators, insect herbivores and livestock) jointly affect G. lutea reproductive success? Insect herbivores fed more often on yellow flowering individuals but they did not affect seed production whereas livestock affected seed production but did not show clear color preferences. Our data indicate that flower color variation of G. lutea is not affected by insect herbivores or grazing livestock.

scholarly journals Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects onGentiana luteareproductive success

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Sobral ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
Javier Guitián ◽  
José Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution.Gentiana luteashows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed inG.lutea, play a role inG. luteaflower color variation, by answering the following questions: (i) Do insect herbivores and grazing livestock show flower color preferences when feeding onG. lutea? (ii) Do mutualists (pollinators) and antagonists (seed predators, insect herbivores and livestock) jointly affectG. luteareproductive success? Insect herbivores fed more often on yellow flowering individuals but they did not affect seed production, whereas livestock affected seed production but did not show clear color preferences. Our data indicate that flower color variation ofG. luteais not affected by insect herbivores or grazing livestock.

scholarly journals Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects on Gentiana lutea reproductive success

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Sobral ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
Javier Guitián ◽  
José Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea, play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering the following questions: i) Do insect herbivores and grazing livestock show flower color preferences when feeding on G. lutea? ii) Do mutualists (pollinators) and antagonists (seed predators, insect herbivores and livestock) jointly affect G. lutea reproductive success? Insect herbivores fed more often on yellow flowering individuals but they did not affect seed production whereas livestock affected seed production but did not show clear color preferences. Our data indicate that flower color variation of G. lutea is not affected by insect herbivores or grazing livestock.

scholarly journals Is there a hybridization barrier betweenGentiana luteacolor morphs?

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Losada ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
Javier Guitián ◽  
José Guitián ◽  
Pablo Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Yellow Corolla ◽  
Number Of Seeds

InGentiana luteatwo varieties are described:G. luteavar.aurantiacawith orange corolla colors andG. luteavar.luteawith yellow corolla colors. Both color varieties co-occur in NW Spain, and pollinators select flower color in this species. It is not known whether a hybridization barrier exists between theseG. luteacolor varieties. We aim to test the compatibility between flower color varieties inG. luteaand its dependence on pollen vectors. Within a sympatric population containing both flower color morphs, we analyzed differences in reproductive success (number, weight, viability and germinability of seeds) depending on fertilization treatments (autogamy and xenogamy within variety and among varieties). We found a 93% reduction in number of seeds and a 37% reduction in seed weight respectively of autogamy treatments compared to xenogamy crossings. Additionally, reproductive success is higher within color varieties than among varieties, due to a 45% seed viability reduction on hybrids from different varieties. Our results show thatG. luteareproductive success is strongly dependent on pollinators and that a partial hybridization barrier exists betweenG. luteavarieties.

Are pollinators and seed predators selective agents on flower color in Gentiana lutea?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Veiga ◽  
Javier Guitián ◽  
Pablo Guitián ◽  
José Guitián ◽  
Mar Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Selective Agents

scholarly journals Differences in pollination success between local and foreign flower color phenotypes: a translocation experiment with Gentiana lutea (Gentianaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A Guitián ◽  
Mar Sobral ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Pablo Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Floral Visitor

Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the pollinator community. Methods. We transplant orange-flowering individuals to a population with yellow-flowering individuals and vice-versa, to assess whether there is a pollination advantage in the local morph comparing its visitation rate with the foreign morph. Results. Our reciprocal transplant experiment showed no clear signal of local morph advantage at one site; thus, there is no evidence of local adaptation in Gentiana lutea to the pollinator assemblage. However, some floral visitor groups (such as Bombus pratorum, B. soroensis ancaricus and B. lapidarius decipiens) consistently preferred the local morph to the foreign morph whereas others (such as Bombus terrestris) consistently preferred the foreign morph. Discussion. We concluded that there is no evidence of local adaptation to the pollinator community in each of the two G. lutea populations studied. The consequences for local adaptation to pollinator on G. lutea flower color would depend on the variation along the Cantabrian Mountains range in morph frequency and pollinator community composition.

scholarly journals Differences in pollination success between local and foreign flower color phenotypes: a translocation experiment with Gentiana lutea (Gentianaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A Guitián ◽  
Mar Sobral ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Pablo Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Floral Visitor

Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the pollinator community. Methods. We transplant orange-flowering individuals to a population with yellow-flowering individuals and vice-versa, to assess whether there is a pollination advantage in the local morph comparing its visitation rate with the foreign morph. Results. Our reciprocal transplant experiment showed no clear signal of local morph advantage at one site; thus, there is no evidence of local adaptation in Gentiana lutea to the pollinator assemblage. However, some floral visitor groups (such as Bombus pratorum, B. soroensis ancaricus and B. lapidarius decipiens) consistently preferred the local morph to the foreign morph whereas others (such as Bombus terrestris) consistently preferred the foreign morph. Discussion. We concluded that there is no evidence of local adaptation to the pollinator community in each of the two G. lutea populations studied. The consequences for local adaptation to pollinator on G. lutea flower color would depend on the variation along the Cantabrian Mountains range in morph frequency and pollinator community composition.

scholarly journals Differences in pollination success between local and foreign flower color phenotypes: a translocation experiment withGentiana lutea(Gentianaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Guitián ◽  
Mar Sobral ◽  
Tania Veiga ◽  
María Losada ◽  
Pablo Guitián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Floral Visitor

BackgroundThe adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators partly because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We tested whetherGentiana lutea—which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain)—is locally adapted to the pollinator community.MethodsWe transplanted orange-flowering individuals to a population with yellow-flowering individuals and vice versa, in order to assess whether there is a pollination advantage in the local morph by comparing its visitation rate with the foreign morph.ResultsOur reciprocal transplant experiment did not show clear local morph advantage in overall visitation rate: local orange flowers received more visits than foreign yellow flowers in the orange population, while both local and foreign flowers received the same visits in the yellow population; thus, there is no evidence of local adaptation inGentiana luteato the pollinator assemblage. However, some floral visitor groups (such asBombus pratorum,B. soroensis ancaricusandB. lapidarius decipiens) consistently preferred the local morph to the foreign morph whereas others (such asBombus terrestris) consistently preferred the foreign morph.DiscussionWe concluded that there is no evidence of local adaptation to the pollinator community in each of the twoG. luteapopulations studied. The consequences for local adaptation to pollinator onG. luteaflower color would depend on the variation along the Cantabrian Mountains range in morph frequency and pollinator community composition.

Relationship Between the Composition of Anthocyanins and Flower Color Variation in Hardy Water Lily (Nymphaea spp.) Cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-453
Author(s):  
Zhu Manlan ◽  
Wang Liangsheng ◽  
Zhang Huijin ◽  
Xu Yanjun ◽  
Zheng Xuchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Water Lily

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and chemical analyses to identify candidate genes involved in color variation of sainfoin flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qiao ◽  
Qiming Cheng ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Fengyan Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Illumina Hiseq4000 ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) is not only a high-quality legume forage, but also a nectar-producing plant. Therefore, the flower color of sainfoin is an important agronomic trait, but the factors affecting its flower phenotype are still unclear. To gain insights into the regulatory networks associated with metabolic pathways of coloration compounds (flavonoids or anthocyanins) and identify the key genes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, metabolome and transcriptome of WF and AF of sainfoin. Results Delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin derivatives were the main anthocyanin compounds in the AF of sainfoin. These substances were not detected in the WF of sainfoin. The transcriptomes of WF and AF in sainfoin at the S1 and S3 stages were obtained using the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform. Overall, 10,166 (4273 upregulated and 5893 downregulated) and 15,334 (8174 upregulated and 7160 downregulated) DEGs were identified in flowers at S1 and S3 stages, respectively (WF-VS-AF). KEGG pathway annotations showed that 6396 unigenes were annotated to 120 pathways and contained 866 DEGs at S1 stages, and 6396 unigenes were annotated to 131 pathways and included 1546 DEGs at the S3 stage. Nine DEGs belonging to the “flavonoid biosynthesis”and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathways involved in flower color formation were identified and verified by RT-qPCR analyses. Among these DEGs, 4CL3, FLS, ANS, CHS, DFR and CHI2 exhibited downregulated expression, and F3H exhibited upregulated expression in the WF compared to the AF, resulting in a decrease in anthocyanin synthesis and the formation of WF in sainfoin. Conclusions This study is the first to use transcriptome technology to study the mechanism of white flower formation in sainfoin. Our transcriptome data will be a great enrichment of the genetic information for sainfoin. In addition, the data presented herein will provide valuable molecular information for genetic breeding and provide insight into the future study of flower color polymorphisms in sainfoin.

Transcriptome-sequencing analyses reveal putative genes related to flower color variation in Chinese Rosa rugosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Sheng ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Shu Zang ◽  
Yuqian Zeng ◽  
Xiaoyu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Rosa Rugosa
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