Evidence for Human-Centric In-Vehicle Lighting: Part 1

Today, up to hundreds of RGB and W-LEDs are positioned in a vehicle’s interior context and are able to be individually controlled in intensity, color and sequence. However, which kind of illumination distracts or supports car occupants and how to define such a modern illumination system is still under discussion and unknown. For that, first a definition for an in-vehicle lighting system is introduced. Second, a globally distributed study was performed based on a free-access online survey to investigate in-vehicle lighting for visual signaling within 10 colors, eight positions and six dynamic patterns. In total, 238 participants from China and Europe rated color preferences, color moods, light-position preferences, differences between manual and autonomous driving and also different meanings for dynamic lighting patterns. Out of these, three strong significant (p < 0.05) color preference groups were identified with a polarized, accepted or merged character. For the important driving-signaling mood attention, we found a significant hue dependency for Europeans which was missing within the Chinese participants. In addition, we identified that light positioned at the door and foot area was globally favored. Furthermore, we evaluated qualitative results: men are primarily focusing on fast-forward, whereas women paid more attention on practical light usage. These findings conclude the need for a higher lighting-car-occupant adaptation in the future grounded by deeper in-vehicle human factors research to achieve a higher satisfaction level. In interdisciplinary terms, our findings might also be helpful for interior building or general modern cockpit designs for trains or airplanes.

What do zebrafish prefer? Directional and color preferences in maze tasks

Studies regarding the animals innate preferences help elucidate and avoid probable sources of bias and serve as a reference to improve and develop new behavioral tasks. In zebrafish research, the results of innate directional and color preferences are often not replicated between research groups or even inside the same laboratory raising huge concerns on the replicability and reproducibility. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the male and female zebrafish innate directional and color preferences in the plus-maze and T-maze behavioral tasks. As revealed by the percentage of time spent in each zone of the maze, our results showed that males and females zebrafish demonstrated no difference in directional preference in the plus-maze task. Surprisingly, male and female zebrafish showed color preference differences in the plus-maze task; males did not show any color preference, while female zebrafish demonstrated a red preference compared to white, blue, and yellow colors. Moreover, both male and female zebrafish demonstrated a strong black color preference compared to the white color in the T-maze task. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of innate preference assays involved with the directionality of the apparatus or the application of colors as a screening process conducting behavioral tests (e.g., anxiety, learning and memory assessment, locomotion, and preference) and highlight the need to analyze sex differences.

Differences in Packaging Priorities in Food Products for Women Living in Rural and Urban Areas

The aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the packaging priorities used in food products of women living in rural and urban areas. The data used in the research were obtained by questionnaire technique. For sample size, the proportional sampling method was used. 70 in Selçuklu district of Konya and 70 in Çumra district, in total 140 questionnaires were determined. The data obtained from the survey results were transformed into tables according to rural and urban women. As a result; For women living in rural and urban areas, the color and shape of the packaging are effective in taking and distinguishing the product. Rural women prefer more relaxing colors in their packaging color preferences, while women living in urban areas prefer more stimulating colors. Women living in both rural and urban areas are aware of the information written on the packaging. As a result, companies in the packaging industry should determine the packaging material and color according to the communities they address.

Innate and learnt color preferences in the common green-eyed white butterfly (Leptophobia aripa): experimental evidence

Background Learning abilities help animals modify their behaviors based on experience and innate sensory biases to confront environmental unpredictability. In a food acquisition context, the ability to detect, learn, and switch is fundamental in a wide range of insect species facing the ever-changing availability of their floral rewards. Here, we used an experimental approach to address the innate color preferences and learning abilities of the common green-eyed white butterfly (Leptophobia aripa). Methods In Experiment 1, we conducted innate preference choice-tests to determine whether butterflies had a strong innate color preference and to evaluate whether color preferences differed depending on the array of colors offered. We faced naïve butterflies to artificial flowers of four colors (quadruple choice-test): yellow, pink, white, and red; their choices were assessed. In Experiment 2, we examined the ability of this butterfly species to associate colors with rewards while exploring if the spectral reflectance value of a flower color can slow or accelerate this behavioral response. Butterflies were first trained to be fed from artificial yellow flowers inserted in a feeder. These were later replaced by artificial flowers with a similar (blue) or very different (white) spectral reflectance range. Each preference test comprised a dual-choice test (yellow vs blue, yellow vs white). Results Butterflies showed an innate strong preference for red flowers. Both the number of visits and the time spent probing these flowers were much greater than the pink, white, and yellow color flowers. Butterflies learn to associate colors with sugar rewards. They then learned the newly rewarded colors as quickly and proficiently as if the previously rewarded color was similar in spectral reflectance value; the opposite occurs if the newly rewarded color is very different than the previously rewarded color. Conclusions Our findings suggest that common green-eyed white butterflies have good learning abilities. These capabilities may allow them to respond rapidly to different color stimulus.

The Color Expressions in the Traditional Costumes of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples

With respect to both fiber and color the clothing material of Taiwan’s indigenous people came predominantly from nature. Atayal woven materials are a distinct example of how ethnic symbolism can be expressed through the combining of color and fabric patterns in weaving and dying. In order to understand Atayal fabric color use and distribution, this research first utilizes PANTONE FASHION + HOME cotton planner to contrast fabric color, and after comparison, color specimens are input one at a time into Color Schemer Studio’s color wheel statistics system. In order to analyze Atayal fabric colors, this study particularly performs color scope analysis on sub-groups for which research specimens are relatively abundant, such as the Tayal’s Beishi group and Nanao Group; and the Sediq’s Wushe Group, Wanda Group, and Taroko Group. Beishi group fabrics use a comparatively wide range of color and a more diverse number of combinations. The main colors they use include white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other colors. The colors used by the Wushe Group and Wanda Group in their fabrics include white, red, blue and others. While the number of specimens collected for this study is limited, it is possible to understand, what the color preferences of sub-tribes are through their color schemes. The most predominant color schemes involve similar colors, contrasting colors, and complimentary colors.

THE USE OF THE AESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES OF COLOR IN THE INTERIOR IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF TRAINING AN ARTIST-DESIGNER

The article examines the main aesthetic possibilities of color in the interior. As a result of the analysis, the main conditions for the aesthetic impact of the coloristics of the interior space have been determined, which depend on the selected functional type of interior, a given scale, composition of space, general color, geometric plane and volumes, lighting, textured qualities of the material, harmonization of the surface color of the materials used, the relationship of structural elements and forms in the interior, informative possibilities of color. The interrelation of color with physiological, psychological and associative reactions in inflammatory processes and emotional sensations has been analyzed. Taken into account the understanding of color - color preferences and color culture issues. The associative possibilities of color as a means of emotional, aesthetic and symbolic impact have been determined. As a result, the main aesthetic possibilities of coloristics in the interior have been developed and proposed, which consist of logical sequential stages in order to implement the coloristic interior design and which are necessary in the educational process of training specialists in the specialty 022 "Design" in the discipline "Design workshop. Coloristics in the interior" (Department of Design, Faculty of Architecture of KNUSA), as well as necessary for their future professional activities: 1) solution of the creative concept and image of the interior; 2) a comprehensive solution to the overall color of the interior; 3) taking into account the emotional impact of color on a person; 4) creating expressiveness of the interior and determining its utility, functionality and expediency.

Behavioral state tunes mouse vision to ethological features through pupil dilation

Across animal species, sensory processing dynamically adapts to behavioral context. In the mammalian visual system, sensory neural responses and behavioral performance increase during an active behavioral state characterized by locomotion activity and pupil dilation, whereas preferred stimuli of individual neurons typically remain unchanged. Here, we address how behavioral states modulate stimulus selectivity in the context of colored natural scenes using a combination of large-scale population imaging, behavior, pharmacology, and deep neural network modeling. In visual cortex of awake mice, we identified a consistent shift of individual neuron color preferences towards ultraviolet stimuli during active behavioral periods that was particularly pronounced in the upper visual field. We found that the spectral shift in neural tuning is mediated by pupil dilation, resulting in a dynamic switch from rod- to cone-driven visual responses for constant ambient light levels. We further showed that this shift selectively enhances the discriminability of ultraviolet objects and facilitates the detection of ethological stimuli, such as aerial predators against the ultraviolet background of the twilight sky. Our results suggest a novel functional role for pupil dilation during active behavioral states as a bottom-up mechanism that, together with top-down neuromodulatory mechanisms, dynamically tunes visual representations to different behavioral demands.

Emotion Analysis of Personalized Color of Beauty Package Based on NCD Image Positioning

Purpose: Based on the Nippon Color &amp; Design (NCD) system, this study aims to accurately discover the color preferences and image positioning of different female groups in China and, thus, to establish a color reference system, which is suitable for the packaging of beauty products.Methods: We first selected middle-aged women in the rural area of northern China as the studied group. Then, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey on their color preferences focusing on their psychological characteristics and perception rules of emotional needs for colors. After that, we extracted colors from samples and classified them using the NCD system research method. Finally, we conducted a systematic analysis and verification to determine the color emotional preference of this group.Conclusion: We investigate the color preference of targeted customers to establish the image space of beauty product packaging. By applying SPSS for the factor analysis, we study the rural women in northern China, who are less concerned about fashion. We focus on the accurate positioning between the interaction of color, women, and environment throughout the color design process. We have conducted a series of comparative analyses of popular beauty products among the rural women. The results can accurately reflect the brand definition and positioning of color semantics and, thus, provide invaluable information for future beauty packaging designs and marketing promotion strategy.