scholarly journals Open computational landscape genetics

Author(s):  
Stéphane Joost ◽  
Solange Duruz ◽  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Ivo Widmer

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are considered to be applications-led technology. Consequently, geographic information scientists commonly find themselves as guest in host disciplines in order to best exploit spatial analysis tools and methods, appropriately guided by experts in the field. An example is population genetics in evolutionary biology. Genetic information being linked to living organisms can be partially characterized by geographic coordinates. A research field named landscape genetics emerged at the intersection of genetics, environmental and geographic information science. Geocomputation and programming efforts carried out with the help of open sources technologies and dedicated to the analysis of genetic data gather together a key scientific community whose goal is to extract new knowledge from the present data tsunami caused by the advent of high throughput molecular data and of new sources of high resolution environmental data. While the level of sophistication of the population genetics functions included in the analytical frameworks developed until now are cutting-edge, advanced geo-competences are also required to reinforce the spatial side of this discipline. They will be particularly useful in conservation programmes for wildlife preservation, but also in farm animal genetic resources conservation.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Joost ◽  
Solange Duruz ◽  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Ivo Widmer

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are considered to be applications-led technology. Consequently, geographic information scientists commonly find themselves as guest in host disciplines in order to best exploit spatial analysis tools and methods, appropriately guided by experts in the field. An example is population genetics in evolutionary biology. Genetic information being linked to living organisms can be partially characterized by geographic coordinates. A research field named landscape genetics emerged at the intersection of genetics, environmental and geographic information science. Geocomputation and programming efforts carried out with the help of open sources technologies and dedicated to the analysis of genetic data gather together a key scientific community whose goal is to extract new knowledge from the present data tsunami caused by the advent of high throughput molecular data and of new sources of high resolution environmental data. While the level of sophistication of the population genetics functions included in the analytical frameworks developed until now are cutting-edge, advanced geo-competences are also required to reinforce the spatial side of this discipline. They will be particularly useful in conservation programmes for wildlife preservation, but also in farm animal genetic resources conservation.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Joost ◽  
Solange Duruz ◽  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Ivo Widmer

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are considered to be applications-led technology. Consequently, geographic information scientists commonly find themselves as guest in host disciplines in order to best exploit spatial analysis tools and methods, appropriately guided by experts in the field. An example is population genetics in evolutionary biology. Genetic information being linked to living organisms can be partially characterized by geographic coordinates. A research field named landscape genetics emerged at the intersection of genetics, environmental and geographic information science. Geocomputation and programming efforts carried out with the help of open sources technologies and dedicated to the analysis of genetic data gather together a key scientific community whose goal is to extract new knowledge from the present data tsunami caused by the advent of high throughput molecular data and of new sources of high resolution environmental data. While the level of sophistication of the population genetics functions included in the analytical frameworks developed until now are cutting-edge, advanced geo-competences are also required to reinforce the spatial side of this discipline. They will be particularly useful in conservation programmes for wildlife preservation, but also in farm animal genetic resources conservation.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Joost ◽  
Solange Duruz ◽  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Ivo Widmer

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are considered to be applications-led technology. Consequently, geographic information scientists commonly find themselves as guest in host disciplines in order to best exploit spatial analysis tools and methods, appropriately guided by experts in the field. An example is population genetics in evolutionary biology. Genetic information being linked to living organisms can be partially characterized by geographic coordinates. A research field named landscape genetics emerged at the intersection of genetics, environmental and geographic information science. Geocomputation and programming efforts carried out with the help of open sources technologies and dedicated to the analysis of genetic data gather together a key scientific community whose goal is to extract new knowledge from the present data tsunami caused by the advent of high throughput molecular data and of new sources of high resolution environmental data. While the level of sophistication of the population genetics functions included in the analytical frameworks developed until now are cutting-edge, advanced geo-competences are also required to reinforce the spatial side of this discipline. They will be particularly useful in conservation programmes for wildlife preservation, but also in farm animal genetic resources conservation.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kmoch ◽  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Hermann Klug

Geographical Information Science (GIScience), also Geographical Information Science and Systems, is a multi-faceted research discipline and comprises a wide variety of topics. Investigation into data management and interoperability of geographical data and environmental data sets for scientific analysis, visualisation and modelling is an important driver of the Information Science aspect of GIScience, that underpins comprehensive Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) research and development. In this article we present the 'Grounded Design' method, a fusion of Design Science Research (DSR) and Grounded Theory (GT), and how they can act as guiding principles to link GIScience, Computer Science and Earth Sciences into a converging GI systems development framework. We explain how this bottom-up research framework can yield holistic and integrated perspectives when designing GIS and SDI systems and software. This would allow GIScience academics, GIS and SDI practitioners alike to reliably draw from interdisciplinary knowledge to consistently design and innovate GI systems.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kmoch ◽  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Hermann Klug

Geographical Information Science (GIScience), also Geographical Information Science and Systems, is a multi-faceted research discipline and comprises a wide variety of topics. Investigation into data management and interoperability of geographical data and environmental data sets for scientific analysis, visualisation and modelling is an important driver of the Information Science aspect of GIScience, that underpins comprehensive Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) research and development. In this article we present the 'Grounded Design' method, a fusion of Design Science Research (DSR) and Grounded Theory (GT), and how they can act as guiding principles to link GIScience, Computer Science and Earth Sciences into a converging GI systems development framework. We explain how this bottom-up research framework can yield holistic and integrated perspectives when designing GIS and SDI systems and software. This would allow GIScience academics, GIS and SDI practitioners alike to reliably draw from interdisciplinary knowledge to consistently design and innovate GI systems.


Author(s):  
Azedine Boulmakoul ◽  
Robert Laurini ◽  
Karine Zeitouni

The concept of Environmental Information Systems (EIS) emerged from the concerns and the efforts carried on by world wide private and official organisations in order to promote an effective use of environmental data. These data are of various natures such as statistics, thematic maps, or documents describing the identification and the quantification of the environmental resources. The Environmental Information Systems became institutional tools providing pragmatic solutions for sustainable development in various fields. The objective of an EIS is to increase the quality and the efficiency in the decision-making process. To achieve this goal, the EIS requires the integration of various information processing technologies: Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Database Management Systems (DBMS); Space Imagery; Decision Support Systems (DSS); etc. However, the implementation of such an integration generates new requirements, namely data interoperability, data description by metadata, reverse engineering from existing applications and remote data access and data processing. This leads to the reconsideration of the analysis and design methodology.


1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Rhind ◽  
H M Mounsey

In 1985, the UK government set up a Committee of Enquiry into the Handling of Geographic Information by computer. This was chaired by Lord Chorley and reported in early 1987. It concerned itself with all information which is described in relation to space and which could hence be used either singly or in combination. The tasks undertaken by the Committee are described, as are its composition and method of operation, the major ‘discoveries’ it made, and the recommendations put forward to government. A total of sixty-four recommendations were made covering digital (especially Ordnance Survey) topographic mapping, the availability of geographically disaggregated data, the problems and benefits of linking different data sets together, the need to enhance user awareness of geographical information systems and information technology, education and training, research and development, and the appropriate role for government and machinery for coordination. Finally, the government's published response to the Chorley Report is examined, particularly with regard to the proposed Centre for Geographic Information. The subsequent moves towards a consortium to bring this about are described.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Tatiana Camargo Gontscharow ◽  
Sâmia Momesso Marques ◽  
César Gustavo Rocha Lima ◽  
Jose Augusto Lollo

O meio ambiente e todos os aspectos relacionados ao seu uso, conservação e proteção estão sendo cada vez mais objeto de discussão. Para que a gestão pública obtenha bons resultados na proteção de recursos naturais, é fundamental o uso de tecnologias associadas à administração. Os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs) possibilitam integrar bases de dados administrativos de municípios a bases cartográficas, permitindo maior agilidade na tomada de decisões a preservação de recursos. As múltiplas análises passíveis de execução em um SIG levam, em conjunto, a melhor gestão de uma grande massa de dados. Com tal visão, foi desenvolvido o projeto de extensão “SIG e Gestão Pública: Interação Universidade-Administração” do qual foram apresentadas aqui algumas experiências vivenciadas durante seu período de execução (2016-2017). Os objetivos do projeto foram: capacitar gestores públicos (prioritariamente), estudantes universitários e população em geral quanto à aplicação do SIG (SPRING); promover a troca de experiências das diferentes aplicações do Software na administração pública; assessorar gestores públicos na tomada de decisões, e incentivar a disponibilização de dados e resultados técnicos para novos estudos. As atividades presenciais foram realizadas nas dependências do Campus Central da UNESP de Ilha Solteira/SP e incluíram workshops e exercícios práticos com SIG. Merecem destaque a assiduidade e a avaliação final positiva dos participantes (em 2016 e 2017), as iniciativas de trocas de experiências entre eles, e a busca por novas soluções de obtenção e tratamento de dados e seu compartilhamento. As trocas de experiências e a busca por novas soluções foram as razões de maior interação entre os cursistas, e entre eles e a equipe que desenvolveu o curso. Palavras-chave: Gestão Pública, Meio Ambiente, Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) Content shared under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence CC-BY Experience in the training of public managers in geographical information systems   Abstract: The environment and all aspects related to its use, conservation and protection are increasingly being the subject of discussion. To achieve good results in public management of natural resources, the use of technologies associated with the administration is essential. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) make it possible to integrate administrative databases of municipalities to cartographic databases, allowing greater flexibility in decision-making resource conservation. The multiple analyzes that can be executed in a GIS lead, together, the best management for a large amount of data. With this in mind, was developed the extension project "GIS and Public Management: University-Administration Interaction", which are presented here some experiences during its execution period (2016-2017). The objectives of the project were: to train public managers (primarily), University's students and the average population about the application of GIS (SPRING); to promote the exchange of experiences of different applications of the Software in the public administration; advise public managers on decision making and encourage the provision of data and technical results for further studies. The classroom activities were held on the premises of the UNESP Campus at Ilha Solteira - SP and included workshops and practical exercises with GIS. It is worth noting the assiduity and the positive final evaluation of all participants (in 2016 and 2017), the will to exchange experiences and the search for new ways of data acquisition and processing solutions, as well as sharing it. The experience exchange and the search for new solutions were the most critical factors in the interaction between the students and the team that developed the course. Keywords: Public Management, Environment, Geographic Information System (GIS).   Experiencia en la capacitación de administradores públicos en sistemas de información geográfica   Resumen: El medio ambiente y todo el aspecto relacionado a su uso, conservación y protección son temas actuales y objetos de discusión. Para que la gestión pública obtenga buenos resultados en la protección de los recursos naturales, es fundamental el uso de tecnologías asociadas a la administración. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIGs) posibilitan integrar las bases de datos administrativas de las ciudades con sus bases cartográficas, permitiendo mayor agilidad en la toma de decisiones en lo que se refiere a la preservación de los recursos naturales. Los múltiples análisis que se ejecuta en un SIG llevan en consideración, en conjunto, la mejor gestión de una gran cantidad de datos. Con tal visión se desarrolló el proyecto de extensión "SIG y Gestión Pública: Interacción Universidad-Administración" del cual aquí se presentan algunas de las experiencias ocurridas durante su período de ejecución (2016-2017). Los objetivos del proyecto fueron: capacitar gestores públicos (prioritariamente), estudiantes universitarios y población en general en cuanto a la aplicación del SIG (SPRING); estimular el intercambio de experiencias de las diferentes aplicaciones del Software en la administración pública; asesorar a los gestores públicos en la toma de decisiones, y alentar la disponibilidad de datos y resultados técnicos para nuevos estudios. Las actividades presenciales se realizaron en el Campus Central de la UNESP de Ilha Solteira/SP e incluyeron talleres y ejercicios prácticos con SIG. Se destaca la asiduidad y la evaluación final positiva de los participantes (en 2016 y 2017), las iniciativas de intercambio de experiencias entre ellos, y la búsqueda de nuevas soluciones para la obtención, tratamiento y difusión de los datos. Los intercambios de experiencias y la búsqueda de nuevas soluciones fueron las razones de mayor interacción entre los participantes y, entre ellos y el equipo que desarrolló el curso. Palabras-clave: Gestión Pública, Medio Ambiente, Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG).


Author(s):  
André Miralles ◽  
François Pinet ◽  
Yvan Bédard

This paper is composed of two parts dealing with the modeling of environmental phenomena. The first part presents the traditional ER and OO formalisms dedicated to geographic information modeling. These languages focus mainly on representing the spatial and temporal properties of this type of information. Many of these languages express these properties visually by using pictograms. After a quick historical presentation of the languages, the authors show the various types of spatiality and temporality usually encountered in these languages. Often qualified as primitive, some of these spatialities and temporalities are simple. Others, which are more complex, result from combinations of simple spatialities and simple temporalities. Still others are used in very specific situations encountered during the development of geographical information systems. These different spatialities and temporalities are presented via examples provided in the field of environmental dynamics.


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