scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga ◽  
Eric J Fuchs ◽  
Eduardo J Hernández ◽  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Jesús Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Nj Tree

We estimated the genetic diversity of 50 Jatropha curcas Costa Rican samples using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was also evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable when compared to worldwide values for J. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.276) and inbreeding coefficient (f = -0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions but Costa Rican J. curcas consistently clustered as a separate group. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to a wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm bank in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity ofJatropha curcasL. in Costa Rica

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga ◽  
Eric J. Fuchs ◽  
Eduardo J. Hernández ◽  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Jesús Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Nj Tree

We estimated the genetic diversity of 50Jatropha curcassamples from the Costa Rican germplasm bank using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable compared to worldwide values forJ. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.274) and inbreeding coefficient (f =  − 0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites, suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to the wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of theJatropha curcasgermplasm bank in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga ◽  
Eric J Fuchs ◽  
Eduardo J Hernández ◽  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Jesús Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Nj Tree

We estimated the genetic diversity of 50 Jatropha curcas Costa Rican samples using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was also evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable when compared to worldwide values for J. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.276) and inbreeding coefficient (f = -0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions but Costa Rican J. curcas consistently clustered as a separate group. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to a wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm bank in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga ◽  
Eric J Fuchs ◽  
Eduardo J Hernández ◽  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Jesús Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Nj Tree

We estimated the genetic diversity of 50 Jatropha curcas Costa Rican samples using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was also evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable when compared to worldwide values for J. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.276) and inbreeding coefficient (f = -0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions but Costa Rican J. curcas consistently clustered as a separate group. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to a wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm bank in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals 552 Comparison of Genetic Diversity in between Two Germplasm Banks Containing Lycopersicon esculentum Accessions

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 491A-491
Author(s):  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Julie Rodriguez ◽  
Wilber Phillips ◽  
Peter Hanson ◽  
Liliway Engle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Worldwide, there are cuurently more than 60 germplasm banks that contain tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) collections ranging is size from a few dozen to several thousands of accessions. In the utilization of these genetic resources sampling from only one germplasm bank may result in limiting available genetic diversity, whereas sampling from several germplasm banks may result in unnecessary redundancy. The current lack of knowledge regarding the relative magnitudes of genetic diversity contained within different collections makes it difficult to develop a core collection that maximizes genetic diversity. Two large tomato collections are housed at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Sanhua, Taiwan, R.O.C., and the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseoanza (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica. Ninety-six accessions from CATIE and 102 accessions from AVRDC were randomly sampled from each base collection. The total of 198 accessions were charcterized for 103 polymorphic RAPD molecular marker bands. The results indicated that the two germplam banks sampled different genetic diversity. In addition, the magnitude of genetic diversity was greater in the AVRDC collection compared to CATIE.

Genetic diversity in European and Chinese pig breeds – the PigBioDiv project

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 321-323
Author(s):  
S. Blott ◽  
M. SanCristobal ◽  
C. Chevalet ◽  
C.S. Haley ◽  
G. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
F Statistics

Characterisation of genetic diversity in a large number of European pig populations has been undertaken with EC support. The populations sampled included local (rare) breeds, national varieties of the major international breeds, commercial lines and the Chinese Meishan breed. A second phase of the project will sample a further 50 Chinese breeds. Neutral genetic markers (AFLP and microsatellites), with individual or bulk typing, were used and compared.DNA from 59 European pig populations was extracted on samples of about 50 individuals per population. Individuals were typed for 50 microsatellites and for 148 AFLP bands. A subset of 25 populations was typed for 20 microsatellites on pools of DNA. Allele frequencies were estimated by direct allele counting for the co-dominant markers. Frequencies of AFLP negative alleles (absent bands) were obtained by taking the square root of absent band frequencies. Within-breed variability was summarised using standard statistics: expected and observed heterozygosity, mean observed and effective numbers of alleles, and F statistics. Between-breed diversity analysis was based on a bootstrapped Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree derived from Reynolds distances (DR). The standard distance of Nei (DS) was also calculated.

scholarly journals Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) naturally infected with diverse phytoplasmas in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Villalobos ◽  
Kristi D. Bottner-Parker ◽  
Ing-Ming Lee ◽  
Mauricio Montero-Astúa ◽  
Federico J. Albertazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Axillary Proliferation ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
First Time

Phytoplasmas (class Mollicutes) are causal agents of plant diseases with an economic impact on crops or threatening local biodiversity. A survey was conducted from 2012 to 2016 on infected Catharanthus roseus plants that exhibited symptoms reminiscent of phytoplasma infection throughout Costa Rica. A total of 73 plants were collected exhibiting symptoms such as virescence, phyllody, axillary proliferation, little leaf, leaf malformation, chlorosis, or yellowing. All samples were tested by nested PCR using phytoplasma universal and specific primer pairs. Phytoplasma infection was detected in 52 (71.2 %) of the plants collected. Phytoplasmas of six subgroups belonging to 16Sr groups I, III, IX, XIII and XV were identified based on sequencing and in silico RFLP analyses. ´Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris´ (16SrI) was the predominant group among the positive samples (n = 30) showing variety of symptoms and wide distribution from sea level to ca. 1 400 masl in six of the seven Costa Rican provinces. Group 16SrIII was the second most abundant (14 samples); and the remaining three groups were seldom found in C. roseus (8 samples). Moreover, group 16SrXIII phytoplasma was detected for the first time in the country. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of C. roseus with phytoplasma subgroups 16SrI-B, 16SrI-P, 16SrIII-F, 16SrIX-F, 16SrXIII-A, and 16SrXV-B in Costa Rica and Central America.

Parity without Equality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Piscopo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Female Legislators ◽  
Female President

Jennifer M. Piscopo examines how the crisis of representation in Costa Rica has placed a ceiling on gender equality in representation. The restructuring of the Costa Rican party system and party fragmentation has made electing multiple candidates from any one ballot more difficult. Top spots have become even more prestigious and more likely to be allocated to men, which reduces women’s electoral chances. Corruption scandals, party breakdown, citizen frustration, and economic problems tainted the administration of the nation’s first female president, Laura Chinchilla. Female legislators have often worked to promote women’s issues and feminist policies, but Chinchilla eschewed feminism, even though several of her policies did benefit women. Overall, her failed presidency may create difficulties for other women seeking top political offices and could have negative consequences for views of women in politics. These challenges notwithstanding, Piscopo concludes that Costa Rica remains at the vanguard of women’s political representation in Latin America.

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