Honduras’s Castro’s prospects will depend on Congress

Significance The results of the latter two are yet to be revealed, but with more than 50% of the presidential vote counted, Xiomara Castro of Liberty and Refoundation (LIBRE) holds a 20-percentage-point lead. Barring any last-minute upsets, Castro will take office in January as the country’s first-ever female president, and its first leftist president since 2009. Impacts Attention will quickly shift to the new legislature and the formation of a governing alliance for the incoming president. A Castro presidency would probably engage with Washington early, especially on anti-corruption efforts. Diplomatic relations with China could involve a surge of investment, particularly in infrastructure projects. Possible investigation of outgoing President Hernandez in connection with drug-trafficking allegations could taint the PN by association.

Conservative Islamic factions vs. secular nationalists: toward a civil contestation in democratic Indonesia

This paper describes how Indonesia’s presidents have delt with Islamist and secular nationalist political contestation since the preparation of Indonesian independence and how the current president compares. Soekarno’s initial reliance on civil discourse ended in his autocratic decree that banned the Indonesia’s most powerful Islamic party (Masyumi). Soeharto’s initial iron-fist approach ended up meeting some Islamic demands. B.J. Habibie helped transformed Indonesia through a democratic election in 1999, but the leader of the winning party, Megawati was defeated in the parliament that elected a pluralist Muslim cleric, Gus Dur. Gus Dur’s administration, ended by the central axis, suggests that liberal democratic processes cannot be applied in an increasingly conservative Muslim majority country. Megawati lost, partly because she is a female president unpopular among the Islamists, while SBY was sympathetic toward the Islamist’s demands, enhancing the “conservative turn.” Jokowi has used discursive and legal approaches to promote Pancasila in challenging the hardline Islamic demands, enabling him to ban HTI and FPI and to implement the speech freedom-limiting laws, leading to criticisms and the decline in the 2020 Indonesia's Democracy Index. Jokowi’s expansion of these laws to maintain unity and stability may be deemed an “authoritarian turn,” but I argue that it may be more appropriately called “the Pancasila turn.” In framing and analyzing Jokowi’s laws as a Pancasila turn, I am arguing in this paper that this lays the foundation for a more equal, civil, and democratic contestation.

Life Lessons: How an Ordinary Dietitian from Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Became President of the First Canadian University in Egypt

How does an ordinary dietitian have an extraordinary career? What is the most important asset that a dietitian has? Why is it important to take risks, be resilient, and challenge the status quo? In this article I answer these questions by sharing the highlights of my career and describing how I was socialized into the dietetics profession and ended up as the first female President of a Canadian university in Egypt.

From Thin to Thick Representation: How a Female President Shapes Female Parliamentary Behavior

How does the symbolic power of a female president affect female parliamentary behavior? Whereas female descriptive representation has increased around the world, women parliamentarians still face significant discrimination and stereotyping, inhibiting their ability to have a real voice and offer “thick” representation to women voters. We leverage the case of Malawi, a case where the presidency changed hands from a man to a woman through a truly exogenous shock, to study the effect of a female president on female parliamentary behavior. Drawing on unique parliamentary transcripts data, we argue and show that women MPs under a female president become empowered and less confined to stereotypical gendered issue-ownership patterns, leading to a significant increase in female MP speech making. Our results directly address theories of symbolic representation by focusing particularly on intraelite role-model effects.

Enduring Repeated First-Time Leadership

Some observers blame Mrs. Hilary Clinton's failure to become president on the unwillingness of Americans to endure repeated first-time leadership. After two successful terms of President Barrack Obama—first Black President of the United States of America, plus the first woman president—would have been a repeated first-time leadership. Generally, nations select a new type of leader once, then recline to the traditional type of leader—an older, highly educated male, from the upper class and predominant race. Liberia, on the other hand, has successively elected a first-time leader on three different occasions. What are the results in terms of human, economic, technological, and infrastructure development? The chapter examines the leadership of non-college educated military sergeant, female president on the African continent, and superstar international soccer player. It summarizes Liberia's economics and healthcare infrastructure.

PRESIDEN PEREMPUAN: STUDI ATAS PANDANGAN KIYAI HUSEIN MUHAAMMAD

This article addresses the issue of a female president according to K.H. Husein Muhammad. This figure is used as a reference material, first, because of his high attention to gender issues. Second, women's leadership in Indonesia is a discourse and vehicle that develops dialectically and is very interesting to be used as a reference material, especially since Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world where gender issues are still in the "debateble" category. This article is a literature review using the inductive methodology, by compiling the works of the figures studied to draw conclusions related to the issues discussed. From this article conclusions are drawn; 1) Analysis in terms of women's leadership Kiyai Husein allowed it because the verse that spoke about male leadership was born from patriarchal culture. 2) While the traditions that talk about women's leadership are traditions that have asbabun nuzul about the leadership of women who are disputed / arbitrary and the traditions must be understood in terms of al ibrah bi specialization sabab la bi'umumil lafzhi and that hadith is not in the context of legal legitimacy but just a notification.

Leadership Style and Gender: A Study of Spanish Cooperatives

The growing global need for social cohesion and sustainable development gives visibility to cooperatives because their principles help to achieve these objectives and the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Among them, gender equality policies are in the forefront. This paper explains how cooperatives contribute to women’s professional opportunities and to balancing the presence of women in management positions. It analyzes the predominant leadership styles and gender differences in cooperatives with a sample of 114 cooperative firms. The results show that: (a) Both transformational and transactional leadership styles are widely used; (b) no significant differences in leadership styles between men and women exist; and (c) the composition of management teams results in significant leadership style differences. The transformational style is less often used in mixed teams with a male majority and a woman president, and most often used in homogeneous teams (made up of only men or only women). Transactional leadership is more frequently implemented in teams made up only of women than in mixed masculine teams with a female president. These findings identify women’s leadership styles in cooperatives, pointing out their difficulties and introducing innovative proposals for contributing to their success and the achievement of SDGs in cooperatives.