scholarly journals Microbiome of the sexual scent organ of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osiris Gaona ◽  
Daniel Cerqueda-García ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Luisa I. Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Leptonycteris Yerbabuenae

Microorganisms are tightly bounded to the animals on Earth. Bacteria, among other types of microbes, interact with their hosts in several ways regarding metabolic pathways, development, complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition, among others. The adult males of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, a nectarivorous bat, develop an interscapular odoriferous patch during the mating season. Here we present a description of the microbiota associated to this sebaceous patch 11 adult males, and studied it in terms of their taxonomical information. The variability between samples was not relevant to this study, and the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with dominanting classes including Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Bacilli. The two most abundant species were Aggregatibacter pneumotropica and Actinomyces europaeus and other Streptococcus minor, Pseudomonas stutzeri, P. viridiflava and Staphylococcus epidermis, which are relevant in both normal and wounded human skin. Furthermore, the species present in this mating organ are involved in metabolic pathways related to fatty acid transformation to volatile molecules, which could be playing a key role in mate recognition.

scholarly journals Microbiome of the sexual scent organ of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osiris Gaona ◽  
Daniel Cerqueda-García ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Luisa I. Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Leptonycteris Yerbabuenae

Microorganisms are tightly bounded to the animals on Earth. Bacteria, among other types of microbes, interact with their hosts in several ways regarding metabolic pathways, development, complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition, among others. The adult males of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, a nectarivorous bat, develop an interscapular odoriferous patch during the mating season. Here we present a description of the microbiota associated to this sebaceous patch 11 adult males, and studied it in terms of their taxonomical information. The variability between samples was not relevant to this study, and the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with dominanting classes including Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Bacilli. The two most abundant species were Aggregatibacter pneumotropica and Actinomyces europaeus and other Streptococcus minor, Pseudomonas stutzeri, P. viridiflava and Staphylococcus epidermis, which are relevant in both normal and wounded human skin. Furthermore, the species present in this mating organ are involved in metabolic pathways related to fatty acid transformation to volatile molecules, which could be playing a key role in mate recognition.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Human Skin Fibroblasts

1973 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Jacobs ◽  
William S. Sly ◽  
Philip W. Majerus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina A. Vasilieva ◽  
Ekaterina V. Pavlova ◽  
Sergey V. Naidenko ◽  
Andrey V. Tchabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Good Physical Condition

Abstract Life-history theory predicts that in hibernators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics: “active” males (adults only) emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than “passive” males (both yearling and adult). Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

scholarly journals Identification of a fatty acid Δ6-desaturase deficiency in human skin fibroblasts

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Deborah E. Williard ◽  
Joseph O. Nwankwo ◽  
Terry L. Kaduce ◽  
Shawn D. Harmon ◽  
Mira Irons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

Hydrolysis of Xenobiotic Fatty Acid Esters by Carboxylesterases of Human Skin

1994 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Eberhard Heymann ◽  
Felicitas Noetzel ◽  
Rita Retzlaff ◽  
Gabriele Schnetgöke ◽  
Sonja Westie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Redox, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism intersect with bacterial virulence in the gut

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (45) ◽  
pp. E10712-E10719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Pifer ◽  
Regan M. Russell ◽  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Meredith M. Curtis ◽  
Vanessa Sperandio
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Cellular Circuits

The gut metabolic landscape is complex and is influenced by the microbiota, host physiology, and enteric pathogens. Pathogens have to exquisitely monitor the biogeography of the gastrointestinal tract to find a suitable niche for colonization. To dissect the important metabolic pathways that influence virulence of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC), we conducted a high-throughput screen. We generated a dataset of regulatory pathways that control EHEC virulence expression under anaerobic conditions. This unraveled that the cysteine-responsive regulator, CutR, converges with the YhaO serine import pump and the fatty acid metabolism regulator FadR to optimally control virulence expression in EHEC. CutR activates expression of YhaO to increase activity of the YhaJ transcription factor that has been previously shown to directly activate the EHEC virulence genes. CutR enhances FadL, which is a pump for fatty acids that represses inhibition of virulence expression by FadR, unmasking a feedback mechanism responsive to metabolite fluctuations. Moreover, CutR and FadR also augment murine infection byCitrobacter rodentium, which is a murine pathogen extensively employed as a surrogate animal model for EHEC. This high-throughput approach proved to be a powerful tool to map the web of cellular circuits that allows an enteric pathogen to monitor the gut environment and adjust the levels of expression of its virulence repertoire toward successful infection of the host.

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