scholarly journals Uncovering the hidden players in Lepidoptera biology: the heritable microbial endosymbionts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
Emily A Hornett
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship

The Lepidoptera is one of the most widespread and recognisable insect orders. Due to their remarkable diversity, economic and ecological importance, moths and butterflies have been studied extensively over the last 200 years. More recently, the relationship between Lepidoptera and their heritable microbial endosymbionts has received increasing attention. Heritable endosymbionts reside within the host’s body and are often, but not exclusively, inherited through the female line. Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that host-associated microbes are both extremely prevalent among arthropods and highly diverse. Furthermore, heritable endosymbionts have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an integral role in many aspects of host biology, particularly host reproduction. Here, we review the major findings of research of heritable microbial endosymbionts of butterflies and moths. We promote the Lepidoptera as important models in the study of reproductive manipulations employed by heritable endosymbionts, with the mechanisms underlying male-killing and feminisation currently being elucidated in both moths and butterflies. We also reveal that the vast majority of research undertaken of Lepidopteran endosymbionts concerns Wolbachia. While this highly prevalent bacteria is undoubtedly important, studies should move towards investigating the presence of other, and interacting endosymbionts, and we discuss the merits of examining the microbiome of Lepidoptera to this end. We finally consider the importance of understanding the influence of endosymbionts under global environmental change and when planning conservation management of endangered Lepidoptera species.

scholarly journals Uncovering the hidden players in Lepidoptera biology: the heritable microbial endosymbionts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
Emily A Hornett
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship

The Lepidoptera is one of the most widespread and recognisable insect orders. Due to their remarkable diversity, economic and ecological importance, moths and butterflies have been studied extensively over the last 200 years. More recently, the relationship between Lepidoptera and their heritable microbial endosymbionts has received increasing attention. Heritable endosymbionts reside within the host’s body and are often, but not exclusively, inherited through the female line. Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that host-associated microbes are both extremely prevalent among arthropods and highly diverse. Furthermore, heritable endosymbionts have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an integral role in many aspects of host biology, particularly host reproduction. Here, we review the major findings of research of heritable microbial endosymbionts of butterflies and moths. We promote the Lepidoptera as important models in the study of reproductive manipulations employed by heritable endosymbionts, with the mechanisms underlying male-killing and feminisation currently being elucidated in both moths and butterflies. We also reveal that the vast majority of research undertaken of Lepidopteran endosymbionts concerns Wolbachia. While this highly prevalent bacteria is undoubtedly important, studies should move towards investigating the presence of other, and interacting endosymbionts, and we discuss the merits of examining the microbiome of Lepidoptera to this end. We finally consider the importance of understanding the influence of endosymbionts under global environmental change and when planning conservation management of endangered Lepidoptera species.

scholarly journals Uncovering the hidden players in Lepidoptera biology: the heritable microbial endosymbionts

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
Emily A. Hornett
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship

The Lepidoptera is one of the most widespread and recognisable insect orders. Due to their remarkable diversity, economic and ecological importance, moths and butterflies have been studied extensively over the last 200 years. More recently, the relationship between Lepidoptera and their heritable microbial endosymbionts has received increasing attention. Heritable endosymbionts reside within the host’s body and are often, but not exclusively, inherited through the female line. Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that host-associated microbes are both extremely prevalent among arthropods and highly diverse. Furthermore, heritable endosymbionts have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an integral role in many aspects of host biology, particularly host reproduction. Here, we review the major findings of research of heritable microbial endosymbionts of butterflies and moths. We promote the Lepidoptera as important models in the study of reproductive manipulations employed by heritable endosymbionts, with the mechanisms underlying male-killing and feminisation currently being elucidated in moths and butterflies. We also reveal that the vast majority of research undertaken of Lepidopteran endosymbionts concernsWolbachia. While this highly prevalent bacterium is undoubtedly important, studies should move towards investigating the presence of other, and interacting endosymbionts, and we discuss the merits of examining the microbiome of Lepidoptera to this end. We finally consider the importance of understanding the influence of endosymbionts under global environmental change and when planning conservation management of endangered Lepidoptera species.

Wilderness and its place in nature conservation in Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Mackey ◽  
R. G. Lesslie ◽  
D. B. Lindenmayer ◽  
H. A. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

Most of the concepts considered under the broad umbrella of nature conservation have changed considerably during the last century. This is the result of an evolving process driven primarily by the rapid and sustained transformation of natural systems due to agricultural and industrial development, growth in public awareness and appreciation of the value of natural systems, and developments and shifting priorities in conservation science. Prevailing views and accepted principles are necessarily challenged as a part of this process. At present, both in Australia and internationally, the concept of wilderness is under challenge. In particular, its relevance and role in nature conservation is being questioned in the light of present priorities such as the conservation of biodiversity and concerns over global environmental change. This is taking place against a background of changing understandings as to the relationship between indigenous societies and the environment.

scholarly journals Acclimation capacity and rate change through life in the zooplankton Daphnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1924) ◽  
pp. 20200189
Author(s):  
Tim Burton ◽  
Hanna-Kaisa Lakka ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Phenotypic State ◽  
Do So

When a change in the environment occurs, organisms can maintain an optimal phenotypic state via plastic, reversible changes to their phenotypes. These adjustments, when occurring within a generation, are described as the process of acclimation. While acclimation has been studied for more than half a century, global environmental change has stimulated renewed interest in quantifying variation in the rate and capacity with which this process occurs, particularly among ectothermic organisms. Yet, despite the likely ecological importance of acclimation capacity and rate, how these traits change throughout life among members of the same species is largely unstudied. Here we investigate these relationships by measuring the acute heat tolerance of the clonally reproducing zooplankter Daphnia magna of different size/age and acclimation status. The heat tolerance of individuals completely acclimated to relatively warm (28°C) or cool (17°C) temperatures diverged during development, indicating that older, larger individuals had a greater capacity to increase heat tolerance. However, when cool acclimated individuals were briefly exposed to the warm temperature (i.e. were ‘heat-hardened'), it was younger, smaller animals with less capacity to acclimate that were able to do so more rapidly because they obtained or came closer to obtaining complete acclimation of heat tolerance. Our results illustrate that within a species, individuals can differ substantially in how rapidly and by how much they can respond to environmental change. We urge greater investigation of the intraspecific relationship between acclimation and development along with further consideration of the factors that might contribute to these enigmatic patterns of phenotypic variation.

Global Environmental Change and Agriculture

jpa ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Rawlins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental

Political Consumerism for Sustainable Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Jeroen Nawijn ◽  
Eke Eijgelaar
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Global Environmental

Over the last decades a substantial and growing societal and academic interest has emerged for the development of sustainable tourism. Scholars have highlighted the contribution of tourism to global environmental change and to local, detrimental social and environmental effects as well as to ways in which tourism contributes to nature conservation. Nevertheless the role of tourist consumers in driving sustainable tourism has remained unconvincing and inconsistent. This chapter reviews the constraints and opportunities of political consumerism for sustainable tourism. The discussion covers stronger pockets and a key weak pocket of political consumerism for sustainable tourism and also highlights inconsistencies in sustainable tourism consumption by drawing on a range of social theory arguments and possible solutions. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research on this topic.

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