Clinical and Experimental Models of the Midtarsal Joint

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Nester ◽  
Andrew H. Findlow
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Instantaneous Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Local Reference System ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Midtarsal Joint

Recent debate and literature have provided impetus to the growing body of thought that we should not model the midtarsal joint as having two simultaneous axes of rotation but as having a single instantaneous axis of rotation. Building on this concept, we present new reference terminology and propose that descriptions of midtarsal joint kinetics and kinematics relate to moments and motion in the cardinal body planes as defined by the x-, y-, and z-axes of the local reference system of the calcaneus. This replaces the existing terminology that describes the oblique and longitudinal axes for the midtarsal joint. The purpose of the new terms of reference and terminology is to aid in the communication of ideas and concepts regarding the biomechanics of the midtarsal joint among clinicians and between researchers and clinicians. It will also allow integration of the midtarsal joint into the emerging biomechanical model of the lower limb, promote consistency in discussions of the joint, and ease understanding of the interrelationships between the kinetics and the kinematics of the articulations in the foot and lower limb and their relationship to pathology and clinical practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(1): 24–31, 2006)

Scientific Approach to the Axis of Rotation at the Midtarsal Joint

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Nester ◽  
Andrew Findlow ◽  
Peter Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Kinematic Assessment ◽  
Midtarsal Joint ◽  
Standard Terms

Current biomechanical models of the midtarsal joint describe it as having two axes of rotation, the oblique and the longitudinal. The considerable freedom of movement available at the midtarsal joint means that kinematic assessment of its function and determination of its axis of rotation must be conducted under conditions that enable the joint to function as normally as possible. The assessments on which the concepts of the longitudinal and oblique axes are based do not meet this criterion. Understanding of the motions at the midtarsal joint will improve as techniques of kinematic assessment improve. Future descriptions of the midtarsal joint should adopt the standard terms applied to the other joints in the lower limb, which will facilitate the study of the midtarsal joint in relation to the function of the rest of the lower limb. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 68-73, 2001)

Mathematical Modeling of Normal, Degenerated, and Fused Cervical Spines Using IAR’S Concept

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Meghdari ◽  
Amir H. Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Instantaneous Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Instantaneous Axis

Abstract During flexion/extension, of the head-neck system, cervical spine undergoes a stepwise motion from the upper to lower regions with a specific time lag. Motion of each vertebrae is composed of a translation and a rotation with respect to lower vertebrae, which may be considered as an absolute rotation about an axis called Instantaneous Axis of Rotation (IAR). Location of this axis is different between normal, and degenerated spines. In this research intersegmental force-moments are evaluated and compared in normal, degenerated, and fused subjects employing a biomechanical model of head-neck system based on IAR’s concept and the results are presented.

scholarly journals Arbitrary-order intrinsic virtual element method for elliptic equations on surfaces

CALCOLO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bachini ◽  
Gianmarco Manzini ◽  
Mario Putti
Keyword(s):  
Arbitrary Order ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Virtual Element Method ◽  
Anisotropic Character ◽  
Local Reference System ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Local Parametrization ◽  
Manufactured Solution ◽  
Virtual Element ◽  
Element Method

AbstractWe develop a geometrically intrinsic formulation of the arbitrary-order Virtual Element Method (VEM) on polygonal cells for the numerical solution of elliptic surface partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDE is first written in covariant form using an appropriate local reference system. The knowledge of the local parametrization allows us to consider the two-dimensional VEM scheme, without any explicit approximation of the surface geometry. The theoretical properties of the classical VEM are extended to our framework by taking into consideration the highly anisotropic character of the final discretization. These properties are extensively tested on triangular and polygonal meshes using a manufactured solution. The limitations of the scheme are verified as functions of the regularity of the surface and its approximation.

Cervical Plate Stiffness Affects the Distribution of Loads and the Location of the Instantaneous Axis of Rotation of the Spine In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. S260-S261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Peterson ◽  
Carolyn Chlebek ◽  
Ashley Clough ◽  
Alexandra Wells ◽  
Eric H. Ledet
Keyword(s):  
Instantaneous Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Cervical Plate ◽  
Instantaneous Axis

scholarly journals Characteristics of joint kinetics of the lower limb during take-off motion in high jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-635
Author(s):  
Naoto Tobe ◽  
Yasushi Kariyama ◽  
Ryohei Hayashi ◽  
Kiyonobu Kigoshi ◽  
Mitsugi Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The Variations of the Local Reference System

1966 ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Edgar W. Woolard ◽  
Gerald M. Clemence
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Local Reference System ◽  
Local Reference

Biomechanical Model Representing Energy Storing Prosthetic Feet

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francy L. Sinatra ◽  
Stephanie L. Carey ◽  
Rajiv Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees ◽  
Metabolic Information

Previous studies have been conducted to develop a biomechanical model for a human’s lower limb. Amongst them, there have been several studies trying to quantify the kinetics and kinematics of lower-limb amputees through motion analysis [5, 10, 11]. Currently, there are various designs for lower-limb prosthetic feet such as the Solid Ankle Cushion Heel (SACH) from Otto Bock (Minneapolis) or the Flex Foot from Ossur (California). The latter is a prosthetic foot that allows for flexibility while walking and running. Special interest has been placed in recording the capabilities of these energy-storing prosthetic feet. This has been done through the creation of biomechanical models with motion analysis. In these previous studies the foot has been modeled as a single rigid-body segment, creating difficulties when trying to calculate the power dissipated by the foot [5, 20, 21]. This project studies prosthetic feet with energy-storing capabilities. The purpose is to develop an effective way of calculating power by using a biomechanical model. This was accomplished by collecting biomechanical data using an eight camera VICON (Colorado) motion analysis system including two AMTI (BP-400600, Massachusetts) force plates. The marker set that was used, models the foot using several segments, hence mimicking the motion the foot undergoes and potentially leading to greater accuracy. By developing this new marker set, it will be possible to combine the kinematic and kinetic profile gathered from it with previous studies that determined metabolic information. This information will allow for the better quantification and comparison of the energy storage and return (ES AR) feet and perhaps the development of new designs.

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