Common Data Model and Database System Development for the Korea Biobank Network

The importance of clinical information related to specimens is increasing due to the research on human biological specifications being conducted worldwide. In order to utilize data, it is necessary to define the range of data and develop a standardized system for collected resources. The purpose of this study is to establish clinical information standardization and to allow clinical information management systems to improve the utilization of biological specifications. The KBN CDM, consisting of 18 tables and 177 variables, was developed. The clinical information codes were mapped in standard terms. The 27 diseases in the group were collected from 17 biobanks, and all disorders not belonging to the group were standardized and loaded. We also developed a system that provides statistical visualization screens and data retrieval tools for data collection. This study developed a unified management system to model KBN CDM that collects standardized data, manages clinical information, and shares the information systematically. Through this system, all participating biobanks can be integrated into one system for integrated management and research.

Mapping the Korean National Health Checkup Questionnaire to Standard Terminologies

Objectives: An increasing emphasis has been placed on the integration of clinical data and patient-generated health data (PGHD), which are generated outside of hospitals. This study explored the possibility of using standard terminologies to represent PGHD for data integration.Methods: We chose the 2020 general health checkup questionnaire of the Korean Health Screening Program as a resource. We divided every component of the questionnaire into entities and values, which were mapped to standard terminologies—Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) version 2020-07-31 and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) version 2.68.Results: Eighty-nine items were derived from the 17 questions of the 2020 health examination questionnaire, of which 76 (85.4%) were mapped to standard terms. Fifty-two items were mapped to SNOMED CT and 24 items were mapped to LOINC. Among the items mapped to SNOMED CT, 35 were mapped to pre-coordinated expressions and 17 to post-coordinated expressions. Forty items had one-to-one relationships, and 17 items had one-to-many relationships.Conclusions: We achieved a high mapping rate (85.4%) by using both SNOMED CT and LOINC. However, we noticed some issues while mapping the Korean general health checkup questionnaire (i.e., lack of explanations, vague questions, and overly narrow concepts). In particular, items combining two or more concepts into a single item were not appropriate for mapping using standard terminologies. Although it is not the case that all items need to be expressed in standard terminology, essential items should be presented in a way suitable for mapping to standard terminology by revising the questionnaire in the future.

Effect of Thermal Manipulation During Embryonic Development on Internal and External Quality Characteristic of Quail Eggs: تأثير المنابلة الحرارية أثناء فترة الحضانة في المواصفات النوعية الداخلية والخارجية لبيضة الفري

Lately, quail egg production has developed as a good resource for animal protein to provide the people requirements of that protein, in addition, the quail egg has some specifications that better than chicken eggs like its content of proteins, vitamins and amino acids. The research aimed to determine the influence of thermal manipulation during embryonic development on the egg quality of the fresh egg. 200 eggs were divided into four equal groups. Eggs of the first group (control) incubated under the standard terms for incubation of quail eggs, and the eggs of other groups were incubated under 41° C for three hours in three consecutive days of different periods of embryonic development (early, late, and dual period). 40 eggs were collected randomly from groups (10 eggs from each) to study the internal and external indications of quail egg quality. The results showed up superiority significantly (p<0.05) of the late embryonic development thermal manipulation group to the control group in most of the indications that have studied. The eggs from the early embryonic development thermal manipulation group were better significantly (p<0.05) than the control group in egg weight and albumen weight. Therefore, we can say that the females, which are coming from eggs that manipulated thermally during the early and late embryonic development, lay an egg that better quality.

Catalyzing Knowledge-Driven Discovery in Environmental Health Sciences through a Community-Driven Harmonized Language

Harmonized language is critical for helping researchers to find data, collecting scientific data to facilitate comparison, and performing pooled and meta-analyses. Using standard terms to link data to knowledge systems facilitates knowledge-driven analysis, allows for the use of biomedical knowledge bases for scientific interpretation and hypothesis generation, and increasingly supports artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Due to the breadth of environmental health sciences (EHS) research and the continuous evolution in scientific methods, the gaps in standard terminologies, vocabularies, ontologies, and related tools hamper the capabilities to address large-scale, complex EHS research questions that require the integration of disparate data and knowledge sources. The results of prior workshops to advance a harmonized environmental health language demonstrate that future efforts should be sustained and grounded in scientific need. We describe a community initiative whose mission was to advance integrative environmental health sciences research via the development and adoption of a harmonized language. The products, outcomes, and recommendations developed and endorsed by this community are expected to enhance data collection and management efforts for NIEHS and the EHS community, making data more findable and interoperable. This initiative will provide a community of practice space to exchange information and expertise, be a coordination hub for identifying and prioritizing activities, and a collaboration platform for the development and adoption of semantic solutions. We encourage anyone interested in advancing this mission to engage in this community.

Szpitalna terminologia medyczna w niestandardowych użyciach osób hospitalizowanych

The article presents non-standard terms of hospital medical terminology used by hospitalized person. The material was collected over one year by a nurse who watched patients. Patients commit conversions and errors while naming the treatment methods, diseases, medicines, medical equipment and staff. The most frequent conversions apply to phonetic transformations of difficult names, confusing similar names or using metaphor and metonymy. Less common is the formation of new words, syntactic transformation and phraseological innovation. Mistakes and conversions result from adapting too complex vocabulary, simplifying medical processes or distancing oneself from the world and language games.

Justice in Contract, no Justice in the Background

In the first part of his book, Peter Benson elaborates for the common law that fairness in exchange is not only a fundamental principle of contract law, but that it is, moreover, conceptually rooted in the idea of private autonomy. For the common law presumes that a party to a contract intends, in principle, to exchange performance at its value and on fair terms. The following comment shows that this presumption also animates German contract law, including the rules on the review of standard terms. In the second part, Benson develops the image of a harmonious complementarity of private law, which is characterised by transactional justice, and public law, which instantiates distributive justice. The following comment disputes the claimed harmony by demonstrating the fundamental asymmetry in the institutionalisation of both forms of justice in civil society.

Standard Contracts for Cloud Services

This chapter reviews the main issues that cloud contracts typically cover and what their terms provide. It examines whether approaches vary significantly between providers, and assesses how terms have changed over the past ten years. The approach is largely empirical. The chapter presents the results of a survey of the standard Terms of Service (ToS) under which providers offered cloud computing services in 2019. It looks at general terms relating to the contract, such as duration, termination, and variation clauses. The chapter then considers terms relating to the allocation of responsibility, liability, and intellectual property (IP) between customer and provider. It analyses these terms from the perspective of English law, and where relevant, European law.

A guideline for 3D printing terminology in biomedical research utilizing ISO/ASTM standards

First patented in 1986, three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, now encompasses a variety of distinct technology types where material is deposited, joined, or solidified layer by layer to create a physical object from a digital file. As 3D printing technologies continue to evolve, and as more manuscripts describing these technologies are published in the medical literature, it is imperative that standardized terminology for 3D printing is utilized. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide recommendations for standardized lexicons for 3D printing technologies described in the medical literature. For all 3D printing methods, standard general ISO/ASTM terms for 3D printing should be utilized. Additional, non-standard terms should be included to facilitate communication and reproducibility when the ISO/ASTM terms are insufficient in describing expository details. By aligning to these guidelines, the use of uniform terms for 3D printing and the associated technologies will lead to improved clarity and reproducibility of published work which will ultimately increase the impact of publications, facilitate quality improvement, and promote the dissemination and adoption of 3D printing in the medical community.

Regula knock out în soluționarea conflictului clauzelor standard

The evolutions of the business practice to a more frequent utilisation of general standard terms have determined the emergence of special legal provisions aiming to solve the problems generated by this new reality as regards the formation and the content of contracts. It is the case for the Art. 1202(4) of the Romanian Civil Code, a text which imposes a modern solution to the battle of forms issue. Since the application of the traditional mirror image rule presents serious inconveniences when the parties are using general standard clauses (aspect approached in the first part of the article), the legislator took them into account and in 2011 he reacted by aligning the internal legal solutions to those largely followed in comparative and international law; the new rule – the elimination of the standard contradictory clauses / the knock out solution – is scrutinized in the second part of the article, which address in a more detailed manner the aspects of its application and functioning.