scholarly journals Decision letter: Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
Pattern Generators

scholarly journals Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Haley ◽  
David Hampton ◽  
Eve Marder
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
Environmental Perturbation ◽  
Cardiac Ganglia ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Difficulty ◽  
Pattern Generators

The activity of neuronal circuits depends on the properties of the constituent neurons and their underlying synaptic and intrinsic currents. We describe the effects of extreme changes in extracellular pH – from pH 5.5 to 10.4 – on two central pattern generating networks, the stomatogastric and cardiac ganglia of the crab, Cancer borealis. Given that the physiological properties of ion channels are known to be sensitive to pH within the range tested, it is surprising that these rhythms generally remained robust from pH 6.1 to pH 8.8. The pH sensitivity of these rhythms was highly variable between animals and, unexpectedly, between ganglia. Animal-to-animal variability was likely a consequence of similar network performance arising from variable sets of underlying conductances. Together, these results illustrate the potential difficulty in generalizing the effects of environmental perturbation across circuits, even within the same animal.

scholarly journals Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Haley ◽  
David Hampton ◽  
Eve Marder
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Cardiac Ganglion ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
Commissural Neuron ◽  
Potential Difficulty

AbstractAnimals and their neuronal circuits must maintain function despite significant environmental fluctuations. The crab, Cancer borealis, experiences daily changes in ocean temperature and pH. Here, we describe the effects of extreme changes in extracellular pH – from pH 5.5 to 10.4 – on two central pattern generating networks, the stomatogastric and cardiac ganglia of C. borealis. Given that the physiological properties of ion channels are known to be sensitive to pH within the range tested, it is surprising that these rhythms generally remained robust from pH 6.1 to pH 8.8. Unexpectedly, the stomatogastric ganglion was more sensitive to acid while the cardiac ganglion was more sensitive to base. Considerable animal-to-animal variability was likely a consequence of similar network performance arising from variable sets of underlying conductances. Together, these results illustrate the potential difficulty in generalizing the effects of environmental perturbation across circuits, even within the same animal.AbbreviationsSTGstomatogastric ganglionCGcardiac ganglionCPGcentral pattern generatorABAnterior BursterPDPyloric DilatorLPLateral PyloricPYPyloricSCSmall CellLCLarge Celllvnlateral ventricular nerveANOVAanalysis of variancePTXpicrotoxinIPSPinhibitory post-synaptic potentialLGLateral GastricMGMedial GastricLPGLateral Posterior GastricGMGastric MillDGDorsal GastricAMAnterior MedianInt1Interneuron 1mvnmedial ventricular nervedgndorsal gastric nervelgnlateral gastric nerveioninferior oesophageal nerveICInferior CardiacVDVentricular DilatorMCN1Modulatory Commissural Neuron 1VCNVentral Cardiac NeuronCPN2Commissural Projection Neuron 2CoGcommissural ganglionKDEkernel density estimateIQRinterquartile rangeCIconfidence interval

Effect of Central Pattern Generators Depended Different Walking Strategies on Gait Ability of Patients after Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hua WU ◽  
Zaihua RU ◽  
Congying XU ◽  
Xudong GU ◽  
Jianming FU
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generators

Rhythmic Pattern Generation in Invertebrates

2018 ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
Astrid A. Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Timing Circuit ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Pattern Generators

This chapter begins by defining central pattern generators (CPGs) and proceeds to focus on one of their core components, the timing circuit. After arguing why invertebrate CPGs are particularly useful for the study of neuronal circuit operation in general, the bulk of the chapter then describes basic mechanisms of CPG operation at the cellular, synaptic, and network levels, and how different CPGs combine these mechanisms in various ways. Finally, the chapter takes a semihistorical perspective to discuss whether or not the study of invertebrate CPGs has seen its prime and what it has contributed—and may continue to offer—to a wider understanding of neuronal circuits in general.

Models of central pattern generators for quadruped locomotion

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro-Luciano Buono ◽  
Martin Golubitsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Quadruped Locomotion ◽  
Pattern Generators

scholarly journals Effect of individual spiking activity on rhythm generation of central pattern generators

2004 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Latorre ◽  
Francisco de Borja Rodrı́guez ◽  
Pablo Varona
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Pattern Generators ◽  
Spiking Activity

Central Pattern Generators of the Mammalian Spinal Cord

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Frigon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generators
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