scholarly journals Conservation of peripheral nervous system formation mechanisms in divergent ascidian embryos

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua F Coulcher ◽  
Agnès Roure ◽  
Rafath Chowdhury ◽  
Méryl Robert ◽  
Laury Lescat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Developmental System ◽  
Developmental System Drift ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Ascidian Embryos

Ascidians with very similar embryos but highly divergent genomes are thought to have undergone extensive developmental system drift. We compared, in four species (Ciona and Phallusia for Phlebobranchia, Molgula and Halocynthia for Stolidobranchia), gene expression and gene regulation for a network of six transcription factors regulating peripheral nervous system (PNS) formation in Ciona. All genes, but one in Molgula, were expressed in the PNS with some differences correlating with phylogenetic distance. Cross-species transgenesis indicated strong levels of conservation, except in Molgula, in gene regulation despite lack of sequence conservation of the enhancers. Developmental system drift in ascidians is thus higher for gene regulation than for gene expression and is impacted not only by phylogenetic distance, but also in a clade-specific manner and unevenly within a network. Finally, considering that Molgula is divergent in our analyses, this suggests deep conservation of developmental mechanisms in ascidians after 390 My of separate evolution.

scholarly journals Author response: Conservation of peripheral nervous system formation mechanisms in divergent ascidian embryos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua F Coulcher ◽  
Agnès Roure ◽  
Rafath Chowdhury ◽  
Méryl Robert ◽  
Laury Lescat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
System Formation ◽  
Ascidian Embryos

scholarly journals The origin, fate and function of macrophages in the peripheral nervous system—an update

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Amann ◽  
Marco Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Macrophage Populations ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Abstract The field of macrophage biology has made enormous progress over recent years. This was triggered by the advent of several new techniques such as the establishment of Cre/loxP-based transgenic mouse models that allowed for the first time delineation of the ontogeny and function of specific macrophage populations across many tissues. In addition, the introduction of new high-throughput technologies like bulk RNA sequencing and later single-cell RNA sequencing as well as advances in epigenetic analysis have helped to establish gene expression profiles, enhancer landscapes and local signaling cues that define and shape the identity of diverse macrophage populations. Nonetheless, some macrophage populations, like the ones residing in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), have not been studied in such detail yet. Here, we discuss recent studies that shed new light on the ontogeny, heterogeneity and gene expression profiles of resident macrophages in peripheral nerves and described differential activation of macrophage subsets during and after acute sciatic nerve injury.

Effects of steroid hormones on gene expression of glial markers in the central and peripheral nervous system: variations induced by aging

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 827-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
RobertoCosimo Melcangi ◽  
Valerio Magnaghi ◽  
Ilaria Cavarretta ◽  
MarcoAndrea Riva ◽  
Flavio Piva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System

Murine central and peripheral nervous system transcriptomes: Comparative gene expression

2006 ◽  
Vol 1107 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. LeDoux ◽  
Lijing Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Xiao ◽  
Brett Ferrell ◽  
Daniel L. Menkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System

scholarly journals Dynamics of global gene expression and chromatin accessibility of the peripheral nervous system in animal models of persistent pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Stephens ◽  
Weiqiang Zhou ◽  
Zachary Renfro ◽  
Zhicheng Ji ◽  
Hongkai Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Rna Seq

AbstractEfforts to understand genetic variability involved in an individual’s susceptibility to chronic pain support a role for upstream regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. To examine the transcriptomic and epigenetic basis of chronic pain that resides in the peripheral nervous system, we used RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to identify novel molecular pathways associated with pain hypersensitivity in two well-studied persistent pain models induced by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and intra-plantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Our RNA-seq studies identify a variety of biological process related to synapse organization, membrane potential, transmembrane transport, and ion binding. Interestingly, genes that encode transcriptional regulators were disproportionately downregulated in both models. Our ATAC-seq data provide a comprehensive map of chromatin accessibility changes in the DRG. A total of 1123 regions showed changes in chromatin accessibility in one or both models when compared to the naïve and 31 shared differentially accessible regions (DAR)s. Functional annotation of the DARs identified disparate molecular functions enriched for each pain model which suggests that chromatin structure may be altered differently following sciatic nerve injury and hind paw inflammation. Motif analysis identified 17 DNA sequences known to bind transcription factors in the CCI DARs and 33 in the CFA DARs. Two motifs were significantly enriched in both models. Our improved understanding of the changes in chromatin accessibility that occur in chronic pain states may identify regulatory genomic elements that play essential roles in modulating gene expression in the DRG.SummaryShared transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in two animal models improves our understanding of how chromatin structural changes alter DRG gene expression under persistent pain conditions.

Reevaluation of transthyretin gene expression in the peripheral nervous system

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e107
Author(s):  
Tatsufumi Murakami ◽  
Yutaka Ohsawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Watabe ◽  
Li Zhenghua ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System

scholarly journals Global gene expression and chromatin accessibility of the peripheral nervous system in animal models of persistent pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Stephens ◽  
Weiqiang Zhou ◽  
Zachary Renfro ◽  
Zhicheng Ji ◽  
Hongkai Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Motif Analysis

Abstract Background Efforts to understand genetic variability involved in an individual’s susceptibility to chronic pain support a role for upstream regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. Methods To examine the transcriptomic and epigenetic basis of chronic pain that resides in the peripheral nervous system, we used RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to identify novel molecular pathways associated with pain hypersensitivity in two well-studied persistent pain models induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and intra-plantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Results Our RNA-seq studies identify a variety of biological process related to synapse organization, membrane potential, transmembrane transport, and ion binding. Interestingly, genes that encode transcriptional regulators were disproportionately downregulated in both models. Our ATAC-seq data provide a comprehensive map of chromatin accessibility changes in the DRG. A total of 1123 regions showed changes in chromatin accessibility in one or both models when compared to the naïve and 31 shared differentially accessible regions (DAR)s. Functional annotation of the DARs identified disparate molecular functions enriched for each pain model which suggests that chromatin structure may be altered differently following sciatic nerve injury and hind paw inflammation. Motif analysis identified 17 DNA sequences known to bind transcription factors in the CCI DARs and 33 in the CFA DARs. Two motifs were significantly enriched in both models. Conclusions Our improved understanding of the changes in chromatin accessibility that occur in chronic pain states may identify regulatory genomic elements that play essential roles in modulating gene expression in the DRG.

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