scholarly journals Complex Predicates and the Functional Sequence

Nordlyd ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Svenonius
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Functional Sequence ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
Functional Hierarchy ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Great Burden ◽  
Minimalist Framework

In this paper I argue that a fine-grained functional hierarchy of semantically contentful categories such as Tense, Aspect, Initiation, and Process has explanatory power in understanding the crosslinguistic distribution of complex predicates. Complex predicates may involve adjunction, control, or raising, and show other variables as well. In a Minimalist framework, specific parameters cannot be invoked to allow or disallow different kinds of serial verbs, light verbs, resultatives, and so on. Instead, what variation is observed must come from the specifications of lexical items. This places a great burden on the learner, a burden which, I argue, is partly alleviated by the functional sequence.

scholarly journals Complex predicates: Structure, potential structure and underspecification

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Müller
Keyword(s):  
Categorial Grammar ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Light Verb ◽  
Potential Structure ◽  
Lexical Items

This paper compares a recent TAG-based analysis of complex predicates in Hindi/Urdu with its HPSG analog. It points out that TAG combines actual structure while HPSG (and Categorial Grammar and other valence-based frameworks) specify valence of lexical items and hence potential structure. This makes it possible to have light verbs decide which arguments of embedded heads get realized, something that is not possible in TAG. TAG has to retreat to disjunctions instead. While this allows straight-forward analyses of active/passive alternations based on the light verb in valence-based frameworks, such an option does not exist for TAG and it has to be assumed that preverbs come with different sets of arguments.

The syntax of argument structure: Evidence from Italian complex predicates

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFFAELLA FOLLI ◽  
HEIDI HARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Light Verb ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
The Subject

This paper provides an analysis of Italian complex predicates formed by combining a feminine nominalization in -ata and one of three light verbs: fare ‘make’, dare ‘give’ and prendere ‘take’. We show that the constraints governing the choice of light verb follow from a syntactic approach to argument structure, and that several interpretive differences between complex and simplex predicates formed from the same verb root can be accounted for in a compositional, bottom–up approach. These differences include variation in creation vs. affected interpretations of Theme objects, implications concerning the size of the event described, the (un)availability of a passive alternant, and the agentivity or lack thereof of the subject argument.

The role of predictability in shaping phonological patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Currie Hall ◽  
Elizabeth Hume ◽  
T. Florian Jaeger ◽  
Andrew Wedel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Phonetic Reduction ◽  
Word Predictability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

AbstractA diverse set of empirical findings indicate that word predictability in context influences the fine-grained details of both speech production and comprehension. In particular, lower predictability relative to similar competitors tends to be associated with phonetic enhancement, while higher predictability is associated with phonetic reduction. We review evidence that these in-the-moment biases can shift the prototypical pronunciations of individual lexical items, and that over time, these shifts can promote larger-scale phonological changes such as phoneme mergers. We argue that predictability-associated enhancement and reduction effects are based on predictability at the level of meaning-bearing units (such as words) rather than at sublexical levels (such as segments) and present preliminary typological evidence in support of this view. Based on these arguments, we introduce a Bayesian framework that helps generate testable predictions about the type of enhancement and reduction patterns that are more probable in a given language.

scholarly journals I verbi di servizio (modali, aspettuali e causativi) e i verbi supporto nelle grammatiche descrittive d’italiano dal 1953 al 2005

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anna Godzich
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Causative Verbs

The paper deals with Italian helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs which form complex predicates and with the rules that guide its use in Italian descriptive grammars published in Italy between 1953 and 2005. The author shows that those forms in both – traditional and contemporary Italian descriptive grammars are treated at the level of word classes whereas it could be more appropriate to discuss them as clause elements as they form complex predicates. In our opinion this way of describing such verbs is due to the tradition in Italy to focus on a form and not on function of an element. What is more, Italian grammarians tend to omit in Italian descriptive grammars noun predicationand the role of semantic predicate (n pred.). The goal of the paper is to present the advantages of an integrated approach to helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs in modern Italian. The author emphasizes its importance for contemporary Italian FL syntax teaching.

The essence of  ‘word’

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald ◽  
R. M. W. Dixon ◽  
Nathan M. White
Keyword(s):  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Minimal Word ◽  
Suprasegmental Features ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
Phonological Unit ◽  
Phonological Units

This chapter offers general background for the analysis of ‘phonological word’ and ‘grammatical word’ in a cross-linguistic perspective. It outlines the defining characteristics of phonological word (including segmental and suprasegmental features and phonological processes), formulates restrictions on the length of a minimal word, and places ‘word’ within a hierarchy of phonological units. Defining features of grammatical word are outlined next. In most instances phonological words and grammatical words coincide. In some cases a grammatical word can consist of a number of phonological words, and vice versa. Typical instances of mismatches involve reduplication, compounding, and complex predicates, including serial verbs. Clitics—morphological units which form a phonological unit with a word preceding or following them—account for further mismatches. The reality of word and the nature of its orthographic representation are discussed next. The chapter concludes with an overview of the volume, and an appendix containing points to be addressed by fieldworkers.

scholarly journals Functional Hierarchy of Redundant Actin Assembly Factors Revealed by Fine-Grained Registration of Intrinsic Image Fluctuations

Cell Systems ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwonmoo Lee ◽  
Hunter L. Elliott ◽  
Youbean Oak ◽  
Chih-Te Zee ◽  
Alex Groisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Assembly ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Assembly Factors ◽  
Functional Hierarchy

Morphology in Dravidian Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Amritavalli
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Classifier System ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Plural Marking

The Dravidian languages are rich in nominal and verbal morphology. Three nominal gender systems are extant. Pronouns are gender-number marked demonstratives. Gender-number agreement in the DP suggests an incipient classifier system. Oblique cases are layered on a genitive stem; iterative genitive and plural marking is seen. Genitive and dative case mark possession/ experience (there is no verb have), and the adjectival use of property nouns. Verbs inflect for agreement (in affirmative finite clauses), aspect, causativity, and benefactivity/ reflexivity. Light verbs are ubiquitous as aspect markers and predicate formatives, as are serial verbs. Variants of the quotative verb serve as complementizers and as topic and evidential particles. Disjunctive particles serve as question particles; conjunctive and disjunctive particles on question words derive quantifiers. Reduplication occurs in quantification and anaphor-formation.

scholarly journals Population Distributions of Age Groups and Their Influencing Factors Based on Mobile Phone Location Data: A Case Study of Beijing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7033
Author(s):  
Wenlai Wang ◽  
Tao Pei ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Ci Song ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Population Distributions

The fine-grained population distributions of different age groups are crucial for urban planning applications. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT), detailed population data retrieved from various big data sources, especially on a fine scale, have been extensively used for urban planning. However, studies estimating the detailed population distributions of different age groups are still lacking. This study constructs a framework to generate fine-grained population data for different age groups and explores the influence of various factors on the distributions of different age groups. The population is divided into the following four age groups: (1) early adulthood people: 18 ≤ age ≤ 24, (2) young people: 25 ≤ age ≤ 39, (3) middle-aged people: 40 ≤ age ≤ 59, and (4) elderly people: 60 ≤ age. The results indicate that education and accommodation factors have a major influence on the distributions of early adulthood and elderly people, respectively. Business, restaurant, and accommodation factors are the main factors influencing the population distributions of young and middle-aged people. The accommodation factor plays a major controlling role at night, and its explanatory power gradually decreases during the day, while the explanatory powers of the business and restaurant factors increase and become leading factors during the day. Specifically, the hospital factor has a greater effect on the distribution of elderly people. The entertainment factor has very little explanatory power for the population distributions of the different age groups.

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