Comparison of Proliferation Inhibition Effect of Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and Residual Amount according to the Different Injection Hole Diameter Performing Trunk Injection of Emamectin Benzoate in Pine Tree (Pinus densiflora)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Oh-Gyeong Kwon ◽  
Young Hack Jung ◽  
Sang Myeong Lee ◽  
Dong Soo Kim ◽  
Byeongjin Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Injection Hole ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Residual Amount ◽  
Trunk Injection

Resistance of an indigenous biological system against expansion of the invasive nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in cool areas of Japan

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Jikumaru ◽  
Katsumi Togashi
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen associated with pine wilt disease (PWD), an infectious disease of pine trees transmitted by cerambycid beetles of the genus Monochamus. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an invasive species, whilst B. mucronatus is a native congener and non-pathogenic to pine trees in Japan. To provide experiment evidence of the biotic and/or abiotic resistance to PWD expansion in a cool area of Japan, we inoculated B. xylophilus into healthy pine trees in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) stand with the indigenous pine tree-B. mucronatus-insect vector system before invasion of B. xylophilus in 1993 and 1994. Extremely cool air temperature with high precipitation and extremely high air temperature with low precipitation were observed in the summers of the 2 years of inoculation, respectively. The cool summer induced a low incidence of PWD and delayed disease development, resulting in the replacement of B. xylophilus by B. mucronatus within diseased trees and the emergence of Monochamus saltuarius beetles carrying B. mucronatus from the trees 2 years after the inoculation. The hot summer induced disease development in trees in the year of inoculation, but such diseased trees did not become infection sources because of the lack of M. alternatus, whose oviposition was synchronised with the period of disease development in pine trees. This study indicated that biotic factors were important in the inhibitory mechanism in a pine forest against the spread of PWD in the stand. Relevant biotic factors were the lack of M. alternatus and the presence of M. saltuarius carrying B. mucronatus.

The effect of endobacteria on the development and virulence of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Tian ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Jian-Ren Ye
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Forest Disease ◽  
High Virulence

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a destructive forest disease. Recent studies showed that bacteria associated with PWN might play important roles in PWD. In this study, the effects of endobacteria isolated from PWN on the development and virulence of PWN were evaluated. The results revealed that endobacteria isolated from high virulence PWN could partially promote the development of the nematode, while endobacteria from PWN with low virulence could inhibit the development of nematode. Both bacteria-free and non-sterilised nematodes were able to infect microcuttings of Pinus densiflora. The endobacterial isolates, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NSBx.14 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ssp. xylosoxidans NSBx.22, enhanced the virulence of low virulence PWN but reduced the virulence of high virulence PWN. The results suggest the pathogenicity of PWN is not affected by loss of bacteria and endobacteria might play a role in the development and virulence of PWN.

scholarly journals Nematicidal activities of aureothin and alloaureothin from endophytic bacteria, Streptomyces sp. AE170020, against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Kyoung Kang ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Min-Jiao Liu ◽  
Chun-Zhi Jin ◽  
Dong-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Chemical Structures

Abstract Endophytic bacteria, a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites, are ideal candidates for environmentally benign agents. In this study, an endophytic strain, Streptomyces sp. AE170020, was isolated and selected for the purification of nematicidal substances based on its high nematicidal activity. Two highly active components, aureothin and alloaureothin, were identified, and their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds suppressed the growth, reproduction, and behavior of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In in vivo experiments, the extracts of strain Streptomyces sp. AE170020 effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in four-year-old plants of Pinus densiflora. The potency of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic strains suggests applications in controlling Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and opens an avenue for further research on exploring bioactive substances against the pine wood nematode.

Pyochelin isolated from Burkholderia arboris KRICT1 carried by pine wood nematodes exhibits phytotoxicity in pine callus

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Le Dang ◽  
Seung Wan Son ◽  
Hyang-Mi Cheon ◽  
Gyung Ja Choi ◽  
Yong Ho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Pine Wilt

Abstract Pine wilt disease is a very complex disease known to be caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and its accompanying bacteria. The phytotoxin-producing bacteria have been reported to be involved in the development of pine wilt disease. In this study, we attempted to characterise phytotoxins produced by Burkholderia arboris KRICT1, which was carried by the pine wood nematode. It produced phytotoxic compounds in the pine seedling assay, and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) layer of the fermentation broth of the strain displayed phytotoxic activity on the pine callus of Pinus densiflora. One active compound was isolated from the EtOAc layer by repeated Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC. Using mainly mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical structure was determined to be that of pyochelin (a mixture of two interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I and II). Pyochelin exposure reduced the viability of pine callus. Compared with phenylacetic acid, a phytotoxin produced by Bacillus spp. that was transmitted by B. xylophilus in Japan, pyochelin showed much stronger phytotoxicity. The results suggested that pyochelin might play a role in the wilting process of pine wilt disease.

Influence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in axenized Pinus thunbergii cuttings

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Sakaue ◽  
Toshihiro Yamada ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractInfluence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was investigated in Pinus thunbergii cuttings. Axenized nematodes and/or one of two fungi isolated from healthy and PWN-killed P. thunbergii were inoculated together into autoclaved cuttings. A close relationship between the existence and distribution of fungal hyphae, and the multiplication and distribution of PWN was observed. The PWN did not multiply when only axenized nematodes were inoculated in the absence of fungi. When fungi were present, PWN population size increased markedly. The number of nematodes was high at sites where fungal hyphae were distributed. It is suggested that the restriction of a large portion of the nematode population near the inoculation site during the early stage of disease development is closely related to restricted distribution of fungal hyphae.

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