EFFICACY OF ANTEMORTEM RECTAL BIOPSIES TO DIAGNOSE AND ESTIMATE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE IN FREE-RANGING COW ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS NELSONI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Monello ◽  
Jenny G. Powers ◽  
N. Thompson Hobbs ◽  
Terry R. Spraker ◽  
Katherine I. O’Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Rectal Biopsies ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals PrP genotypes of free-ranging wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Perucchini ◽  
Karen Griffin ◽  
Michael W. Miller ◽  
Wilfred Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Ranging

Variation in PrP prion gene sequence appears to modulate susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD), a naturally occurring prion disease affecting four North American species of the family Cervidae. Wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) PrP is polymorphic at codon 132 [methionine (M) or leucine (L)]. We genotyped 171 samples, collected between 2002 and 2005 from CWD-infected and uninfected wapiti from three free-ranging populations in Colorado, USA, to study influences of PrP polymorphisms on CWD susceptibility further. Overall genotype frequencies for 124 apparently uninfected animals were 65.3 % MM132, 32.3 % ML132 and 2.4 % LL132; for 47 CWD-infected animals, these frequencies were 70.2 % MM132, 27.7 % ML132 and 2.1 % LL132. Surprisingly, our data revealed that, among recent (approx. 2002–2005) CWD cases detected in free-ranging Colorado wapiti, the three PrP codon 132 genotypes were represented in proportion to their abundance in sampled populations (P≥0.24) and all three genotypes showed equivalent susceptibility to infection.

scholarly journals PrP genotypes of captive and free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2765-2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. O’Rourke ◽  
T. E. Besser ◽  
M. W. Miller ◽  
T. F. Cline ◽  
T. R. Spraker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Prp Gene

The PrP gene encodes the putative causative agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a heterogeneous group of fatal, neurodegenerative disorders including human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ovine scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of North American deer and elk. Polymorphisms in the PrP gene are associated with variations in relative susceptibility, pathological lesion patterns, incubation times and clinical course of TSEs of humans, mice and sheep. Sequence analysis of the PrP gene from Rocky Mountain elk showed only one amino acid change (Met to Leu at cervid codon 132). Homozygosity for Met at the corresponding polymorphic site (Met to Val) in humans (human codon 129) predisposes exposed individuals to some forms of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. In this study, Rocky Mountain elk homozygous for PrP codon 132 Met were over-represented in both free- ranging and farm-raised CWD-affected elk when compared to unaffected control groups.

scholarly journals Detection of PrPCWDin Postmortem Rectal Lymphoid Tissues in Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Spraker ◽  
Thomas L. Gidlewski ◽  
Aru Balachandran ◽  
Kurt C. VerCauteren ◽  
Lynn Creekmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk

scholarly journals Prion protein in cardiac muscle of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with chronic wasting disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3443-3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Jewell ◽  
Jeremy Brown ◽  
Terry Kreeger ◽  
Elizabeth S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni

To investigate the possible presence of disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) in striated muscle of chronic wasting disease (CWD)-affected cervids, samples of diaphragm, tongue, heart and three appendicular skeletal muscles from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (Alces alces shirasi) were examined by ELISA, Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PrPd was detected in samples of heart muscle from seven of 16 CWD-infected white-tailed deer, including one free-ranging deer, and in 12 of 17 CWD-infected elk, but not in any of 13 mule deer samples, nor in the single CWD-infected moose. For white-tailed deer, PrPd was detected by Western blot at multiple sites throughout the heart; IHC results on ventricular sections of both elk and white-tailed deer showed positive staining in cardiac myocytes, but not in conduction tissues or nerve ganglia. Levels of PrPd in cardiac tissues were estimated from Western blot band intensity to be lower than levels found in brain tissue. PrPd was not detected in diaphragm, triceps brachii, semitendinosus, latissiumus dorsi or tongue muscles for any of the study subjects. This is the first report of PrPd in cardiac tissue from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy-infected ruminants in the human food chain and the first demonstration by immunological assays of PrPd in any striated muscle of CWD-infected cervids.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations of Genetic Susceptibility of elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) to Chronic Wasting Disease by Experimental Oral Inoculation

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir N. Hamir ◽  
Thomas Gidlewski ◽  
Terry R. Spraker ◽  
Janice M. Miller ◽  
Lynn Creekmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Oral Inoculation

Neuropathology of Chronic Wasting Disease of Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Williams ◽  
S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni

The pathology of the central nervous system of nine mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) and six elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease, a spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer and elk, was studied by light microscopy. Lesions were similar in both species and were characterized by spongiform transformation of gray matter, intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons, neuronal degeneration and loss, astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, occurrence of amyloid plaques, and absence of significant inflammatory response. Distribution and severity of lesions were evaluated at 57 locations; there were only minor differences between deer and elk. Consistent, severe lesions occurred in olfactory tubercle and cortex, hypothalamus, and the parasympathetic vagal nucleus of deer, and sections examined from these regions would be sufficient to establish a diagnosis of chronic wasting disease. Lesions were milder in these locations in elk but were sufficiently apparent to be of diagnostic value. Other differences included increased severity of lesions in some thalamic nuclei in elk in contrast to deer, the occurrence of amyloid plaques demonstrable by hematoxylin and eosin and histochemical stains in deer in contrast to elk, and the presence of mild white matter lesions in elk but not in deer. Lesions of chronic wasting disease were qualitatively comparable to those of scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible mink encephalopathy, and the human spongiform encephalopathies. Topographic distribution and lesion severity of chronic wasting disease were most similar to those of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Duration of clinical disease did not significantly influence lesion distribution or severity in either species.

scholarly journals Progressive accumulation of the abnormal conformer of the prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in the obex of nonsymptomatic and symptomatic Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Spraker ◽  
Thomas Gidlewski ◽  
Jenny G. Powers ◽  
Tracy Nichols ◽  
Aru Balachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Single Section ◽  
Spongiform Degeneration ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk ◽  
Progressive Accumulation

The purpose of our study was to describe the progressive accumulation of the abnormal conformer of the prion protein (PrPCWD) and spongiform degeneration in a single section of brain stem in Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease (CWD). A section of obex from 85 CWD-positive elk was scored using the presence and abundance of PrPCWD immunoreactivity and spongiform degeneration in 10 nuclear regions and the presence and abundance of PrPCWD in 10 axonal tracts, the subependymal area of the fourth ventricle, and the thin subpial astrocytic layer (glial limitans). Data was placed in a formula to generate an overall obex score. Data suggests that PrPCWD immunoreactivity and spongiform degeneration has a unique and relatively consistent pattern of progression throughout a section of obex. This scoring technique utilizing a single section of obex may prove useful in future work for estimating the presence and abundance of PrPCWD in peripheral tissues and the nervous system in elk with CWD.

scholarly journals Control and Surveillance Operations to Prevent Chronic Wasting Disease Establishment in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer in Québec, Canada

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Gagnier ◽  
Isabelle Laurion ◽  
Anthony J. DeNicola
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a degenerative and fatal prion disease affecting cervids, was detected for the first time in the province of Québec, Canada, in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) farm in the Laurentides region on 10 September 2018. To assess CWD prevalence and control the disease in the free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population, a response plan including enhanced surveillance, population control, regulatory measures, and public outreach was deployed by the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife, and Parks (MFFP). In the 401 km2 white-tailed deer control area, a total of 750 free-ranging white-tailed deer were culled over 70 days, from 22 September to 15 December 2018. Of the culled deer, 534 were tested for CWD. We also tested for CWD a total of 447 white-tailed deer hunted from the enhanced surveillance zone and 2584 free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested outside this zone. Regulations were applied to prevent the spread of the disease through movements of infected animals harvested by hunters. Although no case of CWD was detected in free-ranging cervids in Québec in 2018, this does not confirm the absence of the disease in these populations. However, the results suggest that if CWD is present, few free-ranging cervids are infected, making it possible to prevent its establishment in the province of Québec.

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