From Mission to Electoral Strategy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath Brown
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Empirical Measurement ◽  
Voting Procedures

This chapter operationalizes the grounded theoretical model discussed in the previous chapter with an empirical measurement of the various factors it focuses on. It explains the survey methodology used to field a questionnaire to eleven hundred nonprofit organizations in the six states, then analyzes the data collected from survey respondents with a particular focus on the first part of the theory of immigrant-serving nonprofit engagement. The evidence shows that aspects of mission, organizational resources, and policy relate to which electoral tactics an immigrant-serving nonprofit makes use of. Most significantly, the new law to tighten voting procedures in Florida reduced the likelihood that organizations in that state held voter registration drives.

Neighborhood Development Organizations and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Race, Resources, and Inequality in Chicago

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402094192
Author(s):  
Bryant Crubaugh
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Neighborhood Development ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Development Organizations

This article analyzes the relationship between neighborhood development organizations (NDOs) and neighborhood disadvantage in Chicago between 1990 and 2010. NDOs are often seen as interdependent partners with local and state governments in the co-production of social welfare, but not all have equally beneficial effects. Instead, NDOs are associated with lowering rates of disadvantage in majority non-Hispanic White neighborhoods, leaving other neighborhoods behind, especially predominately Black neighborhoods. Organizational resources and residential mobility help explain this inequality. NDOs in majority Black neighborhoods are less likely to have the organizational resources that enable NDOs to affect neighborhood disadvantage. When NDOs are associated with the lowering of neighborhood disadvantage, it is often in neighborhoods with preexisting advantage or high rates of residential mobility. As cities continue to rely on nonprofit organizations such as NDOs for neighborhood development, this research gives a clearer understanding of how this reliance may contribute to perpetuating racial inequalities.

Predicting Global Biodiversity Patterns from Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-148
Author(s):  
Boris Worm ◽  
Derek P. Tittensor
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Global Theory ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
The Tropics

The previous chapter developed a global theory of biodiversity incorporating gradients in ambient temperature and habitat area or productivity. It showed that a metacommunity model implementation of the theory can reproduce first-order patterns of declining species richness from the tropics to the poles in an idealized cylindrical ocean. This chapter tests the theory in a more realistic setting by fitting the neutral-metabolic metacommunity model to a global equal-area grid with a more realistic spatial structure. The rationale here is to explore whether the communities that evolve in a simple theoretical model can reproduce observed patterns of species richness in the real world, and reconcile the contrasting patterns seen in coastal, pelagic, deep-sea, and terrestrial habitats.

Voter Registration Databases and MRP: Toward the Use of Large-Scale Databases in Public Opinion Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Ghitza ◽  
Andrew Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
General Process ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Survey Responses

Declining telephone response rates have forced several transformations in survey methodology, including cell phone supplements, nonprobability sampling, and increased reliance on model-based inferences. At the same time, advances in statistical methods and vast amounts of new data sources suggest that new methods can combat some of these problems. We focus on one type of data source—voter registration databases—and show how they can improve inferences from political surveys. These databases allow survey methodologists to leverage political variables, such as party registration and past voting behavior, at a large scale and free of overreporting bias or endogeneity between survey responses. We develop a general process to take advantage of this data, which is illustrated through an example where we use multilevel regression and poststratification to produce vote choice estimates for the 2012 presidential election, projecting those estimates to 195 million registered voters in a postelection context. Our inferences are stable and reasonable down to demographic subgroups within small geographies and even down to the county or congressional district level. They can be used to supplement exit polls, which have become increasingly problematic and are not available in all geographies. We discuss problems, limitations, and open areas of research.

Policy analysis in local governments: an exploration of an institutional governance model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver D. Meza
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Governance Mode ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Governance Model

A theoretical model is developed in this chapter to explore how local governments in Mexico perform policy analysis. This model assumes that recent decentralization and democratization reforms provide conditions that shaped how local bureaucracies and institutions were designed to undertake tasks around policy analysis. Under certain circumstances, decentralization would produce a bureaucratic governance mode of policy analysis favoring internal organizational resources to perform policy activities. While on the other hand, local governments’ recent democratic trends would have enabled a more participatory approach. These trends are not exclusive to each other and the chapter illustrates how policy analysis could be viewed under the lenses of this theoretical proposition.

Shaping Attitudes in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Unification Church ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Lesbian Family

Chapter 7 contextualizes the quantitative findings presented in the previous chapter by presenting a case study of Taiwan, which is a prosperous and relatively democratic society. This chapter draws on field research that includes twenty-six interviews that were conducted with journalists, nonprofit organizations, and religious and political figures. The chapter shows that same-sex behaviors are a problem in Taiwan in part because of concerns related to the importance of kinship ties and bloodlines. Additionally, many Taiwanese do not personally know someone who is gay or lesbian; many seem relatively tolerant until they consider the possibility of a gay or lesbian family member. The chapter ends by revealing the surprisingly powerful role that Christianity and the Unification Church, which include less than 10 percent of the Taiwanese population, have had in organizing the movement against homosexuality.

Voting Procedures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Pallister
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Secret Ballot ◽  
Internet Voting ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
Absentee Voting

Chapter 3 discusses the “access versus integrity” framing of debates about registration and balloting procedures, particularly as it has developed in the United States. It identifies several areas where the choice of voting procedures does present a trade-off between these values: the secret ballot, the rules for changing voters’ place of residence on the electoral rolls, mail and absentee voting, mobile polling places, voter identification requirements, and internet voting. But the study also identifies several areas where both inclusion and security may be enhanced: automatic voter registration, Election Day registration, online and automated voter registration, posting provisional voter rolls prior to Election Day, early (in-person) voting, and decentralized polling places. Thus the “access versus integrity” framing may limit opportunities to improve both access and integrity through policies designed to strengthen electoral integrity and bipartisan agreement.

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