Neighborhood Development Organizations and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Race, Resources, and Inequality in Chicago

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402094192
Author(s):  
Bryant Crubaugh
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Neighborhood Development ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Development Organizations

This article analyzes the relationship between neighborhood development organizations (NDOs) and neighborhood disadvantage in Chicago between 1990 and 2010. NDOs are often seen as interdependent partners with local and state governments in the co-production of social welfare, but not all have equally beneficial effects. Instead, NDOs are associated with lowering rates of disadvantage in majority non-Hispanic White neighborhoods, leaving other neighborhoods behind, especially predominately Black neighborhoods. Organizational resources and residential mobility help explain this inequality. NDOs in majority Black neighborhoods are less likely to have the organizational resources that enable NDOs to affect neighborhood disadvantage. When NDOs are associated with the lowering of neighborhood disadvantage, it is often in neighborhoods with preexisting advantage or high rates of residential mobility. As cities continue to rely on nonprofit organizations such as NDOs for neighborhood development, this research gives a clearer understanding of how this reliance may contribute to perpetuating racial inequalities.

Accessible Elections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ritter ◽  
Caroline J. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Population Data ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Early Voting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Election Reform ◽  
Individual Vote ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Voting Methods

This book explores the wide variation across states in convenience voting methods—absentee/mail voting, in-person early voting, same day registration—and provides new empirical analysis of the beneficial effects of these policies, not only in increasing voter turnout overall, but for disadvantaged groups. By measuring both convenience methods and implementation of the laws, the book improves on previous research. It draws generalizable conclusions about how these laws affect voter turnout by using population data from the fifty state voter files. Using individual vote histories, the design helps avoid bias in non-random assignment of states in adopting the laws. Many scholars and public officials have dismissed state election reform laws as failing to significantly increase turnout or address inequality in who votes. Accessible Elections underscores how state governments can modernize their election procedures to increase voter turnout and influence campaign and party mobilization strategies. Mail voting and in-person early voting are particularly important in the wake of Covid-19 to avoid election day crowds and ensure successful and equitable elections in states with large populations; the results of this study can help state governments more rapidly update voting for the 2020 general election and beyond.

scholarly journals Seeing Guns to See Urban Violence: Racial Inequality & Neighborhood Context

Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
David M. Hureau
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Background Condition ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Critical Link

Abstract Guns are central to the comprehension of the racial inequalities in neighborhood violence. This may sound simple when presented so plainly. However, its significance derives from the limited consideration that the neighborhood research paradigm has given guns: they are typically conceived of as a background condition of disadvantaged neighborhoods where violence is concentrated. Instead, I argue that guns belong at the forefront of neighborhood analyses of violence. Employing the logic and language of the ecological approach, I maintain that guns must be considered as mechanisms of neighborhood violence, with the unequal distribution of guns serving as a critical link between neighborhood structural conditions and rates of violence. Furthermore, I make the case that American gun policy should be understood as a set of macrostructural forces that represent a historic and persistent source of disadvantage in poor Black neighborhoods.

From Mission to Electoral Strategy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath Brown
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Empirical Measurement ◽  
Voting Procedures

This chapter operationalizes the grounded theoretical model discussed in the previous chapter with an empirical measurement of the various factors it focuses on. It explains the survey methodology used to field a questionnaire to eleven hundred nonprofit organizations in the six states, then analyzes the data collected from survey respondents with a particular focus on the first part of the theory of immigrant-serving nonprofit engagement. The evidence shows that aspects of mission, organizational resources, and policy relate to which electoral tactics an immigrant-serving nonprofit makes use of. Most significantly, the new law to tighten voting procedures in Florida reduced the likelihood that organizations in that state held voter registration drives.

Not All Civic Action Is Equal: Two Forms of Civic Associations and Their Disparate Effects on Poverty and Poverty Segregation

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Crubaugh
Keyword(s):  
Community Organizing ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Neighborhood Development ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Civic Association ◽  
Civic Associations ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Relationship

This study specifies the relationship between civic associations and their effects on communities by analyzing how two forms of civic association—neighborhood development organizations and institution-based community organizing coalitions—impact poverty in neighborhoods and cities, and poverty segregation in cities. Some social scientists argue that civic associations are the key to well-functioning democracy, allowing people to collectively organize for the promotion of their common interests, but others argue that civic associations instead breed exclusion, leaving few communities in the position to reap their benefits. Results show that not all civic associations’ effects are equal. The form of civic association is vital in determining its effects. Place-based organizations help their neighborhoods, but not their cities, unless they are organizing in poor cities. Alternatively, identity-based organizations do not affect their neighborhood but do significantly decrease city-level poverty segregation. Longitudinal analyses of neighborhoods and cities from 1990 to 2010 provide evidence.

Policy analysis in the states

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary VanLandingham
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
State Level ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
The State ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
State Governments ◽  
State Policymaking ◽  
High Level

State governments have been called the ‘laboratories of democracy’ due to their high level of policy innovation. A great deal of policy analysis occurs at the state level to support this experimentation, including internal legislative and executive branch research offices, university think tanks, and private and nonprofit organizations that generate studies to influence state policymaking. Given the diversity among the states, it is not surprising that their policy analysis organizations and activities also vary widely. While state-level policy analysis has grown rapidly, it has also fragmented, and many policy analysis organizations face important challenges. This chapter discusses these trends and the future of policy analysis in the states.

The Political Economy of Public Universities in the United States: A Review Essay

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Public Services ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Trade Offs

Scholars of state politics and policy have devoted little attention to the public universities where so many of them work. Public higher education is organized at the state level, and its funding and governance have been debated at length in many states in recent years. Moreover, these universities provide opportunities for contributions to a variety of theoretically-grounded research, including the decision to make or buy public services, principal-agent issues and institutional arrangements for governance, the politics of institutional reform, the determinants of government appropriations and budgetary trade-offs, and internal decisionmaking in state-owned enterprises, public bureaucracies, and nonprofit organizations. Research on these issues could not only generate insights relevant to many types of institutions and public services but also contribute to ongoing policy debates over relations between state governments and higher education.

AUSTERITY IMPACTS ON NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Reiner ◽  
Julian Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Development ◽  
Development Organizations

scholarly journals Growth and the challenges of start- up entrepreneurs in India – an analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Panjavarnam A ◽  
Balachandran V
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Small Business Administration ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Small Business Loans ◽  
Indian Food

A startup is a young company that is just beginning to develop. Startups are usually small and initially financed and operated by a handful of founders or one individual. These companies offer a product or service. It is not currently being offered in a different place in the market. In the early stages, startup companies‟ expenses tend to exceed their revenues as they work on developing, testing and marketing their idea. As such, they often require financing. Startups maybe funded by traditional small business loans from banks or credit unions, by government sponsored Small Business Administration loans from local banks, or by grants from nonprofit organizations and state governments. Incubators can provide startups with both capital and advice, while friends and family may also provide loans or gifts. A startup that can prove its potential may be able to attract venture capital financing in exchange for giving up some control and a percentage of company ownership. Over 58 percent of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. The Indian food and grocery market is theworld‟s sixth largest, with retail contributing 70 percent of the sales. The Indian food processing industry accounts for 32 percent of the country‟s total food market, one of the largest industries in India and is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth.The online food delivery industry grew at 150 percent year on year with an estimated gross merchandise value of 300 million in 2016. The study focuses on empowerment of startups through innovation and design and to accelerate distribution of the startup movement.

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