Voting Procedures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Pallister
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Secret Ballot ◽  
Internet Voting ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
Absentee Voting

Chapter 3 discusses the “access versus integrity” framing of debates about registration and balloting procedures, particularly as it has developed in the United States. It identifies several areas where the choice of voting procedures does present a trade-off between these values: the secret ballot, the rules for changing voters’ place of residence on the electoral rolls, mail and absentee voting, mobile polling places, voter identification requirements, and internet voting. But the study also identifies several areas where both inclusion and security may be enhanced: automatic voter registration, Election Day registration, online and automated voter registration, posting provisional voter rolls prior to Election Day, early (in-person) voting, and decentralized polling places. Thus the “access versus integrity” framing may limit opportunities to improve both access and integrity through policies designed to strengthen electoral integrity and bipartisan agreement.

No man is an island: The sustainability awareness effect of geography on hedonic fashion consumption and connection with nature – evidence from Galápagos and Hawaiʻi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Attila Pohlmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Galapagos Island ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Connection With Nature

The demand for ever-accelerating fast fashion is unprecedented, while its supply chain burdens environmental systems. Hedonic fashion consumption is generally unfettered by sustainability concerns, but evidence suggests that island geographies–with dense boundaries between the built and the natural environment–have a heightening effect on eco-consciousness. A framework based on the contemporary condition of hyperconsumption is proposed: island geography heightens sustainability awareness; consequently, fashion consumers located on islands trade-off perceived hedonic benefits of fashion consumption against perceived moral benefits of connection with nature. The framework is supported by visual evidence collected on the Galápagos island Santa Cruz, indicating that male fashion consumers express connection with nature by means of tattoos, slogans on clothing and choice of eco-friendly materials. Quantitative tests with survey data from the United States and Ecuador show that residents in Hawaiʻi and the Galápagos have higher levels of connection with nature compared to residents on the associated continental areas. This effect is mediated by decreased perceived rewards of hedonic fashion consumption, but the effect is overall weaker in Ecuador compared to the United States due to differences in purchasing power and attitudes towards consumerism. Because of the stereotype that eco-friendly is unmanly, men are generally less likely to embrace environmentally friendly products and the findings of this research point to avenues to overcome this barrier.

Fragments of the Past, Tasks for the Future: Spanish in the United States

PMLA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1961-1964
Author(s):  
James D. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

In december 1826, a young bostonian on a grand tour of Europe received a letter from his father, offering the following advice: “Such are the relations now existing between this country and Spanish America that a knowledge of the Spanish is quite as important as French. If you neglect either of these languages, you may be sure of not obtaining the station which you have in view.” The son received the letter in Paris, heeded his father's advice, and headed straight for Madrid. Some four months later he would write back from the capital of Spain, “I have not seen a city in Europe which has pleased my fancy so much, as a place of residence” (Helman 340).

Managed Competition in Health Care Reform: Just Another American Dream, or the Perfect Solution?

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe E. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Managed Competition ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Unique Style

Throughout the post-World War II decades, the United States has wrestled in its own unique style with a problem that is shared by all modern societies: how to achieve a reasonably equitable distribution of health care, without losing control of total spending on health care, and without suffocating the delivery system with controls and regulations that inhibit technical progress.Because an equitable distribution of health care inevitably requires at least some government regulation, and because government regulations tend to impose rigidity on any system, it is widely believed in the United States (and elsewhere) that a trade-off actually exists between fairness in the distribution of care and the health system’s ability to innovate. This troublesome trade-off bedevils American policy makers to this day.

scholarly journals Assessing Dimensions of the Security-Liberty Trade-off in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Brian S Krueger ◽  
Samuel J. Best ◽  
Kristin Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Opinion Leadership ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Terrorism Threat ◽  
Practical Implications

The trade-off between security and liberty has been a leading frame for understanding public opinion about domestic surveillance policies. Most of the empirical work explicitly examining whether individuals meet the trade-off framework’s core attitudinal assumptions comes from European studies. This study uses a survey of US residents to assess the veracity of the assumptions embedded in the trade-off framework, namely whether domestic counterterrorism policies are simultaneously viewed as improving security and decreasing liberty. We find that the vast majority of US respondents do not meet the basic attitudinal assumptions of the trade-off frame. Next, we evaluate the source of these attitudes with a focus on whether attitudes toward surveillance policies merely relate to core political values or whether they also depend on the messages from political leaders. We find that both political values and opinion leadership shape these attitudes. Finally, because general attitudes towards surveillance and privacy often fail to have practical implications, we assess whether these attitudes matter for understanding the structure of policy support. Our results show that heightened terrorism threat positively associates with increased support for counterterrorism policies only when people believe these policies are effective security tools.

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